Public Sector

The country was facing problems like inequalities in income and low levels of employment, regional im eases in scotch development and lack of trained manpower. India at that time was predominantly an agrarian economy with a fainthearted industrial base, low level of savings, inadequate enthronements and infrastructure facilities. In view of this type of socio- scotch set up, our ethereal leaders drew up a roadmap for the development of macrocosm Sector as an instrument for autonomous economic growth.This guiding factor take to the passage of industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 and followed by industrial Policy Resolution of 1956. The 1948 Resolution envisaged development of core fields with the ordinary enterprises. Public Sector would chasten the regional imbalances and create employment. Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 set emphasis on the expansion of production, both(prenominal) agricultural and industrial and in particular on the production of capital equipment and goods satisfying the basic ineluctably of the people, and of commodities the export of which would increase earnings of outside fill in. . 1. 3 In early course of studys of independence, capital was scarce and the base of entrepreneurship was also non strong enough.Hence, the 1956 Industrial Policy Resolution gave primacy to the role of the State which was right off responsible for industrial development. Consequently the planning process (5 year Plans) was initiated taking into account the needs of the country. The bran-new strategies for the overt sector were later outlined in the policy statements in the years 1973, 1977, 1980 and 1991. The year 1991 elicit be termed as the watershed year, heralding liberalisation of the Indian economy. 2- 1. 1. 4 The public sector provided the required dig to the economy and developed and nurtured the human resources, the vital ingredient for success of any enterprise public or private. 1. 2 GLOBAL TREND industrial revolution in Europe. With the advent of world(prenominal)ization, the public sector approach new challenges in the developed economies. No longer the public sector had the privilege of operating in a sellers market and had to face competition both from domestic and international competitors.Further, in the second fractional of the 20th century in the developed economies, the political opinion started swinging towards the views that the intervention as wellhead as investment by Government in commercial activities should be reduced to the extent possible. 1. 2. 1 The Public Sector emerged as the driver of economic growth consequent to the 1. 2. 2 Many lofty economists argued that Government must not venture into those areas, where the private sector could undertake job efficiently.Lot of emphasis was laid on market driven economies, rather than State controlled and administered economies. The collapse of socialist economy of the Soviet quit convinced the policy planners, around the valet, t hat role of the State should be that of a facilitator and regulator rather than the producer and manager. It may be worth mentioning that, in various countries, the turn towards liberalism including deregulation and decontrol also led to discontent amongst some sections of population as its benefit did not flow down to the weaker and disadvantaged sections of society. . 2. 3 Today, both Public Sector & Private Sector have become an integral part of the economy. at that place may not be much difference in working of these sectors in advanced countries, plainly in developing countries, the performance of Public Sector has considerable scope for improvement. It is also observed that wages packages are almost similar in both sectors in developed countries, but large differences know in remuneration in the two sectors in developing countries, like ours. -3- 1.3 Economic Scenario and Role of Public Sector in India General perspective 1. . 1 Government of India, as part of its nation al agendum to promote growth, increase in efficiency and international competitiveness, has been continuously framing policies for industrial growth, fiscal, trade and foreign investment to achieve overall socio-economic development of the country. As a result of exceptionally severe balance of payments and fiscal crisis in the year 1991, the government decided to shift to a liberalized economy with greater combine upon market forces, a larger role for the private sector including foreign direct investment. 1. 3. The Government agnise that a strong and growth oriented nation could be built if India grows as part of the world economy and not in isolation. Thus, liberalising and deregulatory steps were initiated from the year 1991 onwards, which aimed at supporting growth and integration with the global economy.Since then, the thrust of New Economic Policy has been on progressive reforms such as reduction in the scope of industrial licensing, reforms in the Monopolies and Restricti ve Trade Practices (MRTP) Act, reduction of areas reserved exclusively for public sector, disinvestment of quity of selected public sector enterprises (PSEs), enhancing limits of foreign equity participation in domestic industrial undertakings, liberalization of trade and exchange rate policies, rationalization and reduction of customs and excise duties and personal and corporate income taxes, promoting FDI, investments from NRIs (Non-Resident Indians), extension of the scope of CENtub, implementing the VAT regime in States, taking steps to switch over to goods & services tax system w. e. f. 01. 04. 010, e-governance and reduction of various procedures, rules and regulations etc. 1. 3. 3 Since the setting up of World Trade Organization (WTO) in the year 1995, as an apex body at the international level, to which India is a signatory, the world trade has definitely crowing thereby giving indications that international trade reforms do play an important role in boosting economic devel opment of various countries. 1. 3. 4 Industrial policy has seen a sea change with most primaeval Government industrial controls being liquidated.The Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) were classified into strategic and non-strategic. Strategic CPSEs were set in -4- the areas of (a) Arms & Ammunition and the allied items of defence equipments, Defence air-crafts and warships (b) Atomic Energy (except in the areas cerebrate to the operation of nuclear power and applications of radiation and radio-isotopes to agriculture, medicine and non-strategic industries) and (c) Railway transport. All other CPSEs were considered as non-strategic.Further, Industrial licensing by the Central Government has been almost abolished except for a few hazardous and environmentally bare-assed industries. 1. 3. 5 The main elements of the present Government policy towards Public Sector enterprises as contained in the home(a) Common Minimum Programme (NCMP) are reproduced below i) To devolve full managerial and commercial autonomy to successful, profit making companies operating in a competitive environment ii) Generally , profit-making companies will not be privatized ii) Every effort will be do to modernize and restructure sick public sector companies and revive sick industry iv) Chronically loss making companies will either be sold off, or closed, after all workers have got their legitimate dues and compensationv) Private industry will be inducted to turn-around companies that have potential for revival vi) Privatization revenues will be used for designated social sector schemes vii) Public sector companies and nationalized banks will be encouraged to enter the capital market to raise resources and offer new investment avenues to retail investors. . 3. 6 The Government has made a clear commitment to empowering the CPSEs and their managements. It was recognised that public enterprises could not compete effectively with private entrepreneurs without freedom to function an d operate -5- commercially. Thus, the concept of Navratna and Mini-Ratna was introduced with greater delegated authority, both pecuniary and managerial. Government has realized that Navratnas, Mini-ratnas and other CPSEs are required to grow and deliver on the promises they have made to their stakeholders.Other reforms have also been announced, such as professionalisation of the Boards of Directors of public sector enterprises and evaluation of performance of CPSEs through Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). 1. 4 Performance Status wide invest of activities in the manufacturing, engineering, steel, heavy apparatusry, machine tools, fertilizers, drugs, textiles, pharmaceuticals, petro-chemicals, extraction and refining of crude oil and services such as telecommunication, trading, tourism, warehousing, etc. and a range of consultancy services.

Freedom Of Press

emancipation of Press emancipation of the consider or exemption of the media is the independence of communication and ex getion through mediums including various electronic media and published materials. era such independence mostly implies the absence of interference from an all overreaching state, its preservation may be want through constitutional or separate legal protections.With respect to governmental reading, any government may distinguish which materials are semi everyday or protected from disclosure to the public based on sorting of information as sensitive, classified or secret and being therwise protected from disclosure due to relevance of the information to protecting the national interest. Many governments are also put forward to sunshine laws or large-mindeddom of information legislation which are both used to define the extent of national interest.The Universal settlement of Human Rights declares Everyone has the in force(p) to license of opinion and ex squashion this counterbalance includes license to hold opinions without interference, and impart information and ideas through any media regardless of frontiers This philosophy is usu all(prenominal)y accompanied by legislation ensuring various marks of unloosendom of scientific research (known s scientific freedom), publishing, raise and printing the depth to which these laws are entrenched in a countrys legal system tolerate go as far down as its constitution.The impression of freedom of speech is often covered by the same laws as freedom of the press, thereby well-favoured equal treatment to spoken and published expression. Beyond legal definitions, several non-governmental organizations use early(a) criteria to settle the level of press freedom around the world. Some of those organizations include the following Reporters Without Borders The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) Freedom House Many of the traditional means of delivering information are being slow ly superseded by the increase pace of modern font technological advance.Almost every conventional mode of media and information dissemination has a modern counterpart that offers significant potential advantages to Journalists seeking to maintain and enhance their freedom of speech. A few childlike examples of such Satellite television Web-based publishing (e. g. , blogging) Voice over Internet protocol (VOIP) Every year, Reporters Without Borders establishes a ranking of countries in terms of their freedom of the press.The Freedom of the Press index, an annual survey of edia independence in 197 countries and territories, is based on responses to surveys sent to Journalists that are members of partner organizations of the RWB, as well as related specialists such as researchers, Jurists and human rights activists. The survey asks questions about direct attacks on Journalists and the media as well as other indirect sources of pressure against the free press, such as non-governmenta l groups.The annual index contains the most comprehensive entropy set available on global media treedom and is a key resource tor scholars, policymakers, international institutions, media, and activists. The index assesses the degree of print, broadcast, and internet freedom in every country in the world, analyzing the events of each calendar year. It provides numerical rankings and rate each countrys media as Free, Partly Free, or Not Free. Country narratives examine the legal environment for the media, political pressures that influence reporting, and economic factors that affect access to information As of 2013, the United States is ranked 32nd in the Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index. There was a fall from 20th in 2010 to 42nd in 2012, which was attributed to arrests of Journalists covert the Occupy movement. In 2011-2012, the countries where press was the most free were Finland, Norway and Germany, followed by Estonia, Netherlands, Austria, Iceland, and Luxembourg .The country with the least degree of press freedom was Eritrea, followed by North Korea, Turkmenistan, Syria, Iran, and China. Freedom of the press in the United States is protected by the offset printing Amendment to the United States Constitution. The graduation exercise Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, says that Congress shall make no law. abridging (limiting) the freedom of speech, or of the press Freedom of speech is the liberty to speak openly without fear of government restraint.It is closely linked to freedom of the press because this freedom includes both the right to speak and the right to be heard. In the United States, both the freedom of speech and freedom of press are comm only(prenominal) called freedom of expression. This clause is slackly understood as prohibiting the government from interfering with the printing and distribution of information or opinions, although freedom of the press, like freedom of speech, is subject to some restrictions, such as defam ation law and copyright law. The Constitutions framers provided the press with broad freedom.This freedom was considered infallible to the establishment of a strong, independent press sometimes called the fourth branch of the government. An independent press can provide citizens with a variety of information and opinions on results of public importance. However, freedom of press sometimes collides with other rights, such as a defendants right to a fair trial or a citizens right to privacy. In recent years, there has been increasing concern about extremely aggressive journalism, including stories about peoples informal lives and photographs of people when they were in a clubby setting.The framers conception of freedom of the press has been the subject of intense historic debate, both among scholars and in the pages of Judicial opinions. At the very least, those who drafted and ratified the Bill of Rights purported to embrace the notion, derived from William Blackstone, that a fr ee press may not be licensed by the sovereign, or otherwise restrained in advance of publication. And, although the subject remains a lively topic of academic debate, the Supreme Court itself reviewed the historical record in 1964 in New York Times Co. . Sullivan and cogitate that the central meaning of the maiden Amendment embraces s well a rejection of the law of seditious libel i. e. , the power of the sovereign to impose subsequent punishments, from handcuffs to criminal fines to civil reparation, on those who criticize the state and its officials. To a great extent, however, what we mean by freedom of the press today was shaped in an extraordinary era of Supreme Court decision-making that began with Sullivan and concluded in 1991 witn Conen v. Cowles Media Co.During that remarkable period, the Court ruled least 40 cases involving the press and fleshed out the skeleton of freedoms addressed only rarely in prior cases. In contrast, although the Court in the early part of the last carbon had considered the First Amendment cl engages of political dissidents with some frequency, it took nearly 150 years after the adoption of the Bill of Rights, and the First Amendment along with it, for the Court to issue its first decision based squarely on the freedom of the press.Over the melodic line of the quarter-century following Sullivan, the Court made it its business to explore the ramifications of the case on a virtually annual basis. During that period, the Supreme Courts elaboration of what we mean by a free press focused on the disposition of the official restraint lleged to compromise that freedom as well as the extent to which the First Amendment protects the press from a given species of governmental action or inaction. Thus, in cases such as Near and the Pentagon document case (1971 s New York Times Co. . United States), the Court established that freedom of the press from precedent restraints on publication is nearly absolute, encompassing the right to publish information that a president concluded would harm the national security, if not the movements of troopships at sea in time of war. In 1974s Miami Herald produce Co. v. Tornillo, the Court embraced the analogous proposition that the overnment has virtually no power to compel the press to publish that which it would elect to leave on the proverbial cutting room floor.In that regard, however, it must be noted that not all media are created equal when it comes to entitlement to the full protections of the First Amendments press clause. or so significantly, because of a perceived scarcity of the electromagnetic spectrum, the Court has held that Congress and the Federal Communications Commission may regulate the activities of broadcasters operating over public airwaves in a manner that would surely violate the First Amendment if applied to newspapers.Compare Red Lion publicize v. FCC (1969) with Tornillo. ) The Courts reasoning in Red Lion, in which it upheld the Commissio ns Fairness Doctrine and personal attack rule i. e. , the right of a person criticized on a broadcast station to respond to such criticism over the same airwaves licensed to that station has never been disavowed, although the Justices have expressly declined to extend it to other, later-developed communications media, including cable television (1994s Turner Broadcasting v.FCC) and the Internet (1997s Reno v. ACLU), to which the scarcity rationale for regulation is plainly napplicable. Sullivan and cases that followed also hold that the First Amendment protects the publication of false information about matters of public concern in a variety of contexts, although with substantially less vigor than it does dissemination of the truth.Even so, public officials and public fgures may not recover civil damages for injury to their reputations unless they were the victims of a reckless disregard for truth in the dissemination of a calculated falsehood. Indeed, private persons may not colle ct civil damages for reputational harm caused by falsehoods relating to a matter f public concern unless the publishers conduct violates a fault-based standard of care. And although expressions of opinion are not always tolerant from legal sanction, in its 1990 decision in Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co. the Court held that statements not capable of being be false, or which reasonable people would not construe as statements of fact at all, but instead as mere rhetorical hyperbole, are absolutely protected by the First Amendment. Indeed e ou nas rejected arguments advanced by the institutional press that, because of its structural role in nsuring the free spring of information in a democratic society, it ought to enjoy unique protections from otherwise generally applicable laws that repress its ability to gather and report the news.Thus, in 1991 in Cohen v. Cowles Media Co. , the Court effectively concluded the treatise on the freedom of the press it began in Sullivan it did so when it emphasized that the press is properly subject to liability under the generally applicable law of contracts when it breaks a promise to keep a sources identity confidential, even when it does so in order to report truthful information about the ources involvement in a matter of public concern.In the decade following Cohen, the Court again fell largely silent when it came to the First Amendments application to the institutional press. As the 21st century dawned, however, the Court interrupted that silence, at least briefly, to revisit the extent to which a generally applicable law such as the federal wiretap statute can constitutionally impose criminal penalties and civil liability on the dissemination by the press of the contents of unlawfully recorded telephone conversations, at least when the information so disseminated is the truth about a matter of public concern.While it is undeniable fact that freedom of press is essential ingredient of democracy, it does not mean it r esult advance the goals of democracy. A free press plays a key role in sustaining and monitoring a healthy democracy, as well as in contributing to greater accountability, good government, and economic development. Most importantly, restrictions on media are often an early indicator that governments intend to assault other democratic institutions. fit to the Freedom of the Press index, only 14. 5 percent of the worlds citizens live in countries that enjoy a free press.In the rest of the world, governments as well as non-state actors control the viewpoints that reach citizens and brutally repress independent voices who aim to promote accountability, good governance, and economic development.

Revenge Tragedy: Hamlet Essay

For a play to be considered a visit tragedy, penalise has to be a prevalent theme throughout. Revenge needs to be intertwined in char act aser interactions, and take a strong hold on the driving force of the patch. The desires of village, Laertes, and young Fortinbras each exhibit how the plot of Hamlet, by William Shakespeare revolves entirely around theories of revenge. The theme of revenge starts off very(prenominal) early in the play, when Hamlet speaks with the ghost of his deceased father. When the ghost tells Hamlet how Claudius murdered him, Hamlet is infuriated and overtaken with feelings of responsibility to right the prostitute that has been done to murder Claudius. The effects of this experience on Hamlet are portrayed clearly in the following quote, And so I am revenged. That would be scanned A villain kills my father, and for that, I, his sole son, d this similar villain send to heaven (p. 161, 3.4). This quote clearly exemplifies Hamlets feeling toward this eve nt. Being his fathers only son, he feels entirely responsible for his fathers vengeance.Revenge has caused the downf both of many a person. Its consuming nature causes one to act recklessly through anger rather than reason. Revenge is an sense well rationalized one turn deserves another. However, this is a very dangerous theory to live by. Throughout Hamlet, revenge is a dominant theme. Fortinbras, Laertes, and Hamlet all attempt to avenge the deaths of their fathers. But in so doing, all three rely more on emotion than thought, and take a very big gamble, a gamble which eventually leads to the downfall and death of all but one of them. King Fortinbras was slain by King Hamlet in a make battle. This entitled King Hamlet to the land that was possessed by Fortinbras because it was written in a sealskind compact. our valiant Hamlet-for so this side of our known world esteemd him-did slay this Fortinbras. infantile Fortinbras was enraged by his fathers murder and sought revenge ag ainst Denmark. He wanted to rectify the land that had been lost to Denmark when his father wasNow sir, young Fortinbrasas it doth well appear unto our state-. to exact revenge for his fathers death. Revenge can be an invaluable tool to amass success and wealth, or it can be a fatal flaw that guarantees immanent death. It is a dangerous emotion, which can easily consume, however it can be used to great satisfaction. Perhaps it is these qualities that lead us to allow ourselves to act on its impulses. The lessons learned by both Hamlet and Laertes are something that should be remembered. Revenge is not to be taken lightly. When acted on this is one emotion that can definitely come back to haunt you.

Promotional Process for the Fire Department Essay

Promotion process is an activity that is conducted in a minded(p) frequency in order that individuals in the invoke incision exit qualify for promotional material and throw overboard taking of the trying for these individuals. Most of the cauterise departments accept that before an individual is promoted in the rank do an trial run. Most of the professional fires fighting departments require professional qualifications like a bachelors degree.In order to qualify for a promotional process in the fire department, one may require to have been employed in a good length of time, training and certification to the subjects associate to the fire fighting, and educational urgencys. Such eligibility is communicated for example prior to the date of the beginning of the promotion process. Usually, the evaluation procedures will too be published and the pass waters communicated.The compose enquiry and subjective evaluation be serve uped for a token rank the promotion process involves administration of the inquiry and the evaluation, and posting of the scores and determination and posting of the higher status and ascertained merit scores. The passing score is the aggregate score for all the components tested or examined. The score may be announced prior to the date of promotion. The law may stipulate that the components of the scripted exam reflect the issues related to the duties to be behaveed in the rank expected for that examination.The appointing authority may appoint instruments to administer the examinations, and will test a written exam based on the material which they identify and snitch available to the potential examinees at least 90 days before administration of the examination. Grading of this written exam is done at the examination site on then examination day later on completion of the test in front of defecate afterrs. If done offsite by an agent, the observers will be expected to observe sealing and shipping and the lighting lat ter upon return from the agency.T6ehre be bases for awarding ascertained merits based on education and training, certification which may be published earlier on. Subjective evaluation may include an oral interview, tactical evaluation, performance evaluation, or other components based on the subjective evaluation of the person. Applicants will be notified of the component prior to application of it. The examinee may be assessed to determine their leadership, communication, interpersonal, incident influence and judgment. Significance of Problem This paper will seek to discuss issues related to and answer the following questions related to the issues in the fire departments. Why is the test generated from an outside party with no fire dept. ties? If the department are fare enough should the agencies s cashbox be used and the necessity of it. Why is the cut-off grade not given(p) until the test is completed? Why is the passing cut-off grade lower than normal academic requirements? Is the test politically based or is it set for all to succeed? Studying these issues would help one to know the personal effects of the tests and their impact. Research on these and related issues would reveal irregularities existing, and look for ways to mend the holes. Source ReviewTests for promotion in the fire department involve written and evaluation test. In a writing test for uniform fire department personnel, bonus points are assigned so that a third of the aggroup will receive a minimum of 75%. Except for the position of a fire victor where three quarter of the participants is allowed to achieve this. A passing score for the coterminous evaluation is a 75% mark. A second written test would be conducted if only one or none passes since the requirement for further evaluation except for the only one that passes alone who has the chance to choose when to take the next evaluation.He may also stand with the previous mark or sit for another one. some(prenominal) of the thin gs that may be tested in an evaluation are cooperation, initiative, personal effectiveness, attitude towards others, use and military commission of authority, organization and planning, persuasive ability, training and utilization of the subordinates, integrity and loyalty on the part of the leadership ability. They may also require knowing the health and physical fitness of an individual which may entail testing of frequency of accidents while at job, physical condition of the individual, sick leave activity, attendance and ability to perform all duties physically.According to Spielman (1996), firefighters were proposed to wait a minimum of five years before qualifying to take promotion examinations, and proposal by the Union Local 2 added that the length of service and education points be awarded in a weighted process which also factors in test scores and in-person interviews. The committee which recommended changes to the gelt fire department and handed the report to the then , Mayor Darly, called for oral portions in exams to consist a great percentage of testing knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to do the job . Irregularities in the testsThe fire fighting departments has not been without complains. rip off in the promotional examinations has been reported in the fire service for example in Boston, MA where stall phones were used by FFs to text answers to their friends in Baltimore, MD where top scorers had questions from 2001 examinations that were reused and in Chicago, Illinois where FFs cheated on EMT training examination (Bellenger, & Dean). Thus their administration should be carefully checked to make sure that such incidences do not occur. Exams for promotion have also been dogged with issues of discrimination of people with their races.For example, in the 1990 exam, out of the 117 who qualified for promotion, thither were only 17 black. In a memo to city officials in the 2000, the Madison Fire fighting Department was accused of being discriminatory and unfair by the citys affirmative director, Kirbie Mack. The department, correspond to The great Times (Shepard, 2000) had promoted no person of color since 1996, out of a total of 47 people. The fire Chief Amesqua had argued that the reasons people of color had not been promoted to lieutenant position was because a few had apply and that seniority had pop outd them low on the list for selection.Data however had indicated that such low applications were real and in the then three recent promotional cycles, 14 people of color out of 150 had applied and three had failed to show up for the written exams while five failed it. Only six made it to the closing position out of the 100. He latter in January 12, 2001 (Judith, 2001) denied this allegation that his department was discriminatory and unfair, and presented figures to show that the innovation in the department mirrored the larger community the people of color made 9 % of Dane Countys population and 16 % of em ployees in the fire department.In the Chicago Fire Department , only less(prenominal) than 5% of the department in 1970s composed of the blacks and the Hispanics and the Justice Department sued the city the case which was colonized by the court orders requiring hiring and promotion of more minorities in the department. The city is express to have responded by stop to hire for years (Judson Miner-an attorney representing the black fire fighters and the citys corporation counsel in 1980s). There was a strike that followed and a contract to affirmative action was settled on till 45% were employees in the department.In 2004, according to out of the total of the uniformed department, about 31% stand for the minorities. There are whites who have raised issues as being passed over in upgrade of the minority groups and view it as unfair. Wherever the truth lies, firefighters feel the heat when they go out and do their jobs. Causes and simplification of irregularities Irregularities m ay occur as a result of delayed time which could allow manipulation of the results to favor some candidates. The cut off grade is delayed so that there will be regularisation of the number qualifying.If everybody was to qualify, then there would be a problem in choosing the person to occupy the position. Usually, the examination should be set free of political influence. There have been claims of bias towards some of the races who have been said to be discriminated against. Reduction of irregularities can be achieved by a careful selection of an unbiased agent to administer the test. The process should be as open as possible to avoid bias and arising of complains. If the tests are not conducted in an open way it is difficult to avoid problems and claims. Conclusion/RecommendationsThere are laws as discussed regarding promotion process in the fire department. Requirements include academic qualifications, work experience and personal abilities to do the job. All these can be proved w hen one passes examinations that are administered for promotion in the field. These include the written and evaluation tests. Cases that are received of allegations should be addressed a proper means sought to rivet such occurrences. There are issues that have been raised in the past concerning issues of promotion that needs to be addressed and a long lasting solution sought.Promotion process itself ought to be a fair, open and a clean process. The problem underlying could be as a result of the process itself the delays and issues to do with the agents. The fire department must ensure that current stringent measures are put in place to allow only agents who qualify to standards administer the examinations so as to minimize cases of complains. Since affirmative actions have raised issues, they should be scrutinized and offered at an open way where everybody will understand and know. The process should be kept as open as possible.Reference Baker Bill. Policy 12-1 Promotion system for uniform fire department personnel. 1 March 2000. Fire Department. Retrieved from http//www. cityof. lawton. ok. us/CityCode/Administrative_Policies/Section_12/1. html on 9 October 2008. Bellenger, B. L. and Dean C. R. Cheating on promotional public safety examinations Strategies for responding to a widespread test scrutiny compromise. Personnel Board of Jefferson County. PDF. Retrieved from www. ipmaac.org/conf/08/bellenger. pdf on 9 October 2008. Fire promotion assessment package. Fire & Police Selection Inc (FPSI). Retrieved from http//www. fpsi. com/fire_promotional. html on 9 October 2008. Jason Shepard. Bias Alleged in fire promotions. (Front). The Capital Times (Madison, WI). November 11, 2001. Judith Davidoff. Amesqua No bias in promotions. (Local/State). The Capital Times (Madison, WI). January 12, 2001. Spielman Fran. Panel offers Fire Dept. promotion proposals. September 13, 1996. Chicago Times.

Edmund Spencer compared to Shakespeare Essay

Sonnet 1 by Edmund Spenser and Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare dissent greatly in form, tone, content, meaning, and persona. Shakespeare begins with a rather unflattering attribute My mistress are nothing the likes of the sun while Spenser, praises his love by wishing he were a sustain she was reading.Sonnet 1 by Spenser follows a poetry scheme of his own devising (ababbcbccdcdee) that combines interwoven thoughts. In this sonnet he praises his wifes beauty and attempts to flatter her through conveying the thought that if he could just flummox her touch or even a glance he would rather be a book than what he is now. The tone is that sappy type that almost make s one sick. His talent is consumed in a effort to win over someone that he is already married to. His words large(p) as if they slang a sick desperation in them because something is wrong within the relationship.On the another(prenominal) hand Sonnet 130 by Shakespeare has a point to it. It contains the message that one cannot suppose by looks alone but on what the person is like on the inside. Shakespeare does not praise the womans beauty or her fair voice or her soft touch but at the completion he says that his love is rare and he would not get rid of it for any reason.Spensers sonnets concur intertwined messages that follow his rhyme scheme (ababbcbccdcdee) while Shakespeare uses three quatrains and a couplet which is usually the zinger turning the unhurt sonnet around and changing the meaning. Spenser does not do this however, his thought patter seems to follow one and lonesome(prenominal) one line of thought to praise the woman that he loves and naught else.Shakespeares tone seems to be rather sarcastic until the couplet at the end of his sonnet when he explains that he would rather have her than the most fair woman in the world. It is along the same lines as Dont judge a book by its color. On the other hand Spenser believes that his wife is the most beautiful being in the universe and he relates that he would do anything just to have her look at him or his book of sonnets which he wrote for her.Shakespeare breaks his own form while Spenser adheres to a strict form and rhyme scheme.

APPLICANT TESTING Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

APPLICANT TESTING - Coursework ExampleThey may be tested for their cognitive ability to understand arresting procedures and application of those procedures. Potential police officers even bear personality testing to identify the degree of fitness of the applicator to serve on the police force. one and only(a) of the best ways to test police officers for the police department is the cognitive ability test. This testing method is used to identify the applicants ability to understand procedures and rules and their application in the field work. These tests are inexpensive because these tests can be conducted through computer based software that offers different questions based on multiple choices and these tests can be conducted online. The problem with these tests is that the applicant may perceive that the tests are not like a shot testing skills required to perform the job. These tests can result in legal issues because these tests may result in unintended discriminatory practic es. For example these tests have been found to resulted in unintended discriminatory practices against certain nonage and protected groups such as the African Americans. Sims states that African Americans have been found to score sixteen pct less than White Americans on these tests (Sims, 2007). In tell apart to avoid legal action and decrease the chances of creation uphold responsible for unintended discriminatory practices, organizations can make these tests more jobs specific in order to be able to prove that these tests were conducted without the intention of discriminating against the protected groups.Personality trait tests used for applicant testing is another significant test that is being used in order to perform tests that help in testing the psychological aspect of applicants. These tests are mainly administered in order to identify the psychological disorders or issues that applicants might be facing and due to these disorders applicants are rejected. The main

PSYCHOLOGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PSYCHOLOGY - Essay Examplewho have used these drugs for a very long time may also develop tardive dyskinesia which involves many unintentional movements of the lips and lingua and sometimes of the hands and neck. In rare cases there is a toxic reaction to medication that is called neuroleptic drug malignant syndrome which is characterized by high fever and extreme muscle rigidity and which, if untreated may be fatal. The exact reasons why these side effects occur is not fully known. Yet, as it can be surmised the strength of the antipsychotics that is used to combat such a strong disease would not be suited for the immunity of all the patients and therefore, these side effects occur as a reaction from the body.The Second-Generation antipsychotics which began appearing in 1980s improved the qualities of the treatment as they produced less side effects. They include risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine and ziprasidone and they cause far less extrapyramidal symptoms than the earlier an tipsychotics. They are also very effective in removing both the positive and the negative symptoms of dementia praecox1. Paranoid Personality disarray People who suffer from paranoid personality disorder have permeative suspiciousness and distrust of others, which leads to many problems. They see themselves as blameless and blame others instead for their own mistakes and failures. They ofttimes look for signs to confirm their suspicion and they are always doubtful of everything.2. Schizoid Personality Disorder Individuals worthless from this personality disorder are unable to form social relationships and lack interests in such things. They typically do not have friends with rare exceptions. They remain distant and unable to express their feelings and are seen by others as cold and unfriendly. They are often lonely and lack social skills with solitary interests and occupations.3. Schizotypal Personality Disorder In this disorder, an individual are excessively introverted and have pervasive social

Oral Health and Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oral Health and Nutrition - Essay ExampleThe dementia diagnosis was carried let out blind from the alveolar and nutritional status. The study concluded that having fewer teeth was associated in a cross-sectional analysis with incident dementia, and that this association was strongest in people who did not use dentures (853). The study additionally fix that females were significantly more likely to use dentures, and thus suffer less dementia (852).Nutrition and oral exam health have been associated as poor dental health makes it more difficult to consume reinvigorated and healthy foods, while poor nutrition contributes further to poor oral health. This study linked the declination of dental health and teeth count to dementia. The study reported that the increased risk of dementia, and especially Alzheimers Disease, may be due to the inflammatory processes associated with periodontal disease. Further research is needed to isolate the mechanism of bombardment for this important aspect of aging that affects many people worldwide, and could possibly be averted by better dental health and the increased use of dentures.

Contested masculinities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contested masculinities - Essay ExampleWith book of facts to Brett Easton Elliss American Psycho (1991) and Jackie Kays Trumpet (1998), this essay explores the multitude of expressions of masculinity within and betwixt cultures.Contemporary theorists of masculinity grant increasingly noted the idea of a post- womens rightist staminate identity (Burr 1995). in that respect is a perceived backlash towards advances in feminism over the last quarter century that posits male identity in direct op sentiment to feminism. In books such as Backlash and Stiffed, Susan Faludi has identified a crisis in masculinity and a resultant wave of males attempting to reassert traditional identity constructions. She discusses ways in which men have lost significance in modern society. Writers such as Benjamin Brabon have discussed the appearance of such expressions of masculinity in cultural artifacts such as the film Falling Down, argument that the white-male main character is acting out in the fil m because his previously dominate social position western society has been dislocated in the new millennium (Brabon 57). Other writers identify the normative standards that emphasize many expressions of male masculinity and explore the resultant backlash (Barker 2008).These interpretations of post-feminist man has incorporated the violent outbursts of males in contemporary society and films as extensions of phallus emasculation experienced as a result of these feminist advances. In fact, statistical research has shown that over the last twenty-year period woman are more than twice as likely to report being attacked by a significant other (Hatty 5). In wrong of patriarchy, Thomas Byer argues thatPerhaps the major function and driving force of patriarchal narrative is the attempt to re-member a masculine body whose member has been dissed Thus sadism and violence directed against women are not in themselves interchangeable with narrative rather they are among the most common, and most virulently misogynist,

Seagram building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Seagram building - turn up ExampleThe design of the building was given by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe who came to America from Germany (Whiffen and Koeper, 1984). The mythic ideals of German aptitude and clean cut German design are certainly evident from the way the building is incorporated yet the overall mix of the faade of the building does not make it stick out same a sore thumb amongst the other buildings which surround it.The design also takes its cues from the American architect Philip Johnson who worked on the building from the m it was started in 1954 to the time it was completed in 1958. The building contains 38 floors and the exterior represents a fine example of post modern architecture that focuses on corporate seriousness and hints of gothic styling (Muschamp, 1999). The sign purpose of the building was to serve as corporate headquarters and the primary offices for Seagrams & Sons but with time other offices and companies have established their bases in the building as well. While it would be interesting to show how the tenants of the building have changed with time, for our purposes, it is perhaps more important to study the architecture and the art of the building.The building faces set Avenue over a broad plaza of Vermont granite which is lined by water pools on both sides that have ledges of marble that has been given an antique look (Whiffen and Koeper, 1984). The architecture of the tower itself is based on the trade name structure that holds the building together with walls of pink-gray glass that give the building a distinctive look. The second element, which helps in creating the now classic look for the building, come from the bronze that has been used to make the various spandrels and I-beams which are glaring on the exterior of the building (Muschamp, 1999). Discussing the building in the context of its surroundings Speyer (1968) says thatThe inescapable drama of

Journal Entry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Journal Entry - Essay ExampleThis is an area where just about five hundred Arapahoe and Cheyenne people encamped.The attack, which took place at down caught these communities by surprise and in an odd moment where most of the men were out hunting. However, the retaliation of the Cheyanne for this attack only furthered the aggression from the billet of U.S troops. Unfortunately, since this was non an organized battle field but rather an attack, the casualties were the weak in the society and not the fighters. The attack claimed the lives of about a hundred and fifty Cheyennese and Arapahos. The majority were children, women and elderly people who were not in a position to defend themselves. The most disturbing thing in this attack is that the Cheyenne chiefs, moody Kettle and White Antelope had attempted to establish a peace treaty. For this reason, they flew an American flag as an extension of friendliness. The attack and the atrocities that followed including mutilation of the dead bodies by the Colorado troops was an illegitimate military operation. What angers me most in this vitrine is that such atrocities could take place while the American flag and a white flag mean peace were flying high. In addition, there were no charges against Chivington and his companions despite reliable eyewitness accounts from

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 57

Reflection - Essay fountFirstly, empiricism holds that the mind of a child has no innate traits. If not corrupted by the society, pr make upically(prenominal) a child has the tendency to act towards goodness or neutrality since they set about been least predisposed to the world. However, an interesting question that might arise is why do we have to spend so much time teaching children how to behave if humans argon naturally good? Well, that sounds perplexing but since their minds are blank, we have to spend much time teaching them the socially tolerable manners and prevent them from adopting the insufferable ways of the world.Whats more, our moral philosophies and actions are a product of our social nature. However, there are mere(a) rules of prudence and justice that explicates and defines how individuals should act for the survival of a peaceful society. I believe that is why we have governments that have enabled the society to flourish. In the absence of governments, the soc iety would spiral into outright pandemonium and confusion would be the order of the day. Factually, the government makes and enforces laws since we believe that human beings are unholy and are likely to act indecorously if left to exist in an anarchy state, where laws do not exist.While it is true that we are black, I disagree with the debaters who perceive humanity as wholly evil. I blame it on the media that overemphasis on the evil part while ignoring majority of good things that take place daily, as though it is actually promoting evil over good. A cursory glance at news headlines makes us develop a negative attitude towards humanity. The ceaseless reports of bigots, assassins, thieves, bullies, bombers and racists makes any rational individual to lose hope of ever living in a judicious society where good is what guides individuals actions. Regrettably, we are biologically susceptible to evil conducts, and we must, therefore, strive to act

Nuclear Weapons in Asia Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nuclear Weapons in Asia - Coursework ExampleAfter Khan had been arrested, the secrets concerning the nuclear desolate market that he used to operate were still uncoiling. They revealed that the fast spread of these weapons was as a turn up of a global enterprise that was very vast. Before Khan got arrested, he had visited around eighteen counties among them macrocosm Egypt, Syria, and Saudi Arabia. It is believed that they were business trips where he was either selling the atomic goods or buying the materials to make these weapons. It is therefrom evident that globalization is a great hindrance in bringing to an end the spread of these weapons since they wee to be smuggled to many countries all over the world (Richardson, 2004).The nuclear heyday hoped to tackle the line of work of nuclear weapons. Therefore, the nuclear materials security was to be governed by the law. President Obama congratulated the team that had contract up with the summit. He also insisted that nations should come together in bringing to an end the spreading of these weapons. The summit came up with some courses in which the nuclear weapons could be dealt with appropriately. Among them was coming up with a way in which trafficking the weapons to different places could be