Harriet Jacobs Essay -- essays papers

Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl was compose to appeal to an earshot of free white women and to involve them in the antislavery struggle. At a more personal level, it was written to vindicate Harriet Jacobs, both to reveal her history and to account for it in a public setting. Jacobss narrative signals several significant departures from the literary and social conventions of the slave narrative, a genre that enjoyed widespread popularity in the United States during the 1840s and 1850s. Slave narratives written by men characteristically focused on the heroic struggles of individuals, lone figures struggling against the injustices of the slave system. Issues of family and community were often subsumed within these individual struggles. Incidents in the...

The Figures Displayed in Sylvia Plaths Mirror Essay -- Poetry Poem Sy

The Figures Displayed in Sylvia Plaths MirrorThe speaker in Sylvia Plaths poem Mirror is the actual mirror itself, which has been owned by a now old woman (16) for quite some time. This woman has looked into her mirror every day for many another(prenominal) years now. The mirror is very assured of her presence and its environment when she is not present. The author provides many details in order for the reader to grasp the mirrors view on its ever-day sights, but this would be an unachievable task without the major use of figures of language. Plath uses many figures of speech for the benefit of the reader to completely grasp the tone and theme of the poem. Once analyzed, we see that all of these figures of speech come together to achieve one overall effect - expressing the ultimate idea of the poem.The first image and descriptions of the mirror immediately suggest the authors use of prosopopoeia that brings life to the mirror. From the very beginning it seems as if a person is d escribing himself I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions (1). We soon realize this is not the case, but that the mirror has taken on a personality and role in the poem. The mirror puts into words what the reader may already know, but barely would never think about if a mirror really could talk this is what it would say. A mirror holds no judgment of what it sees, but precisely reflects the truth I am not cruel, besides truthful (4). This particular mirror has been owned by only one - a now elderly woman who has looked into it for many years now. The author consistently maintains the personification of the mirror throughout the poem to let the mirror speak what it has seen of this woman and its environment over the past years.The near noticeable use by ... ...s a person would see its reflection in this as well, Plath ends with a simile regarding this reflection. The womans reflection rises to her from this lake like a imposing fish (18). What she has seen is herself gr ow into an old woman, which although is the truth of the mirror, is a sad actuality to the woman.Without any of these images, this poem would be lacking to achieve the entire intention of a mirror describing in words what is only seen and not spoken. Plath has done a wonderful job at putting on paper an entire two stanzas of only scenes and not conversation. All of the figures of speech have come together to express one final idea a mirror does not lie, but only reflects the truth (which can only be described by perfect imagery).Works CitedPlath, Sylvia. The Collected Poems. Ed. Ted Hughes. New York Perennial ? Harper and Row, 1981.

The Unwavering Character of James Fenimore Coppers Deerslayer :: Character Analysis, Deerslayer

The Unwavering Character of James Fenimore Coppers DeerslayerJames Fenimore Copper presents Deerslayer as a man of integrity, virtue, and honor. He is a warrior who lives by his word. Even if the situation places his heart in jeopardy, he refuses to abandon what he believes in and what he says he will do. Deerslayers greatest display of character and honor is seen when he refuses to compromise his standards even though it threatens his life.After saving Hist from the Hurons, Deerslayer was taken captive by them. The Hurons respected Deerslayer for his honesty and integrity and therefore treated him accordingly. When the time came for Deerslayer to pay for his crimes the Hurons devised a situation that would spare his life. To pay for the life Deerslayer took the Indians requested that Deerslayer stay among their people and provide for the fallen Indians family and take the widow for his wife. Take the gun go forrad and shoot a deer bring the venison and lay it before the widow feed her children call yourself her husband (Cooper 458). To take an Indian wife went against Deerslayers beliefs and convictions. Marrying a woman outside his religion and traditions would cause him to compromise his morals and standards. Even though marrying the Indian woman would spare his life he politely objects and refuses their conditions. I feared this, answered Deerslayer,I did dread that it would come to this. He then proceeds to explain to Mingo, I m white, and Christian born twould ill become me to take a wife, under redskin forms, from among the heathen. That which I wouldnt do in peaceable timestill less would I do behind clouds, in companionship to save my life (Cooper 458)

Malcolm X Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout history there have been many battalion who have stood out and do an impact in the way we think and comprehend things. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, Malcolm X was no exception. His militant views that Western nations were inherently racist and that black people must occasion together to build their own society and value system had an important influence on black nationalist and black breakaway movements of the 1950s and 1960s. At the beginning of the movie, Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little. He was a young child trying to adapt to societys changes. He was looking so demanding that he fell into the wrong crowd. Malcolm bumped into a man named Archie who was a big time thief. Archie ran a numbers system in the streets and he convinced Malcolm to join him. Malcolm became a scoundrel with an evil demeanor. Malcolms business partner, was a white woman by the name of Sophia. They were on drugs and even robbed a house. Because of their antics, the law was on their t rail. They in the end caught and sent to prison. Malcolm was sentenced to 8 years in prison while Sophia was only sentenced to 2 years because she was white. This relates to the social organization of arrest, which suggest that police arrest blacks at a higher rate than whites. While Malcolm was in jail, he was well known to the guards. One time he was asked to state his number, but instead he said he forgot his number. The guards beat the hell out of him and sent him to the darkroom. In the darkroom ...

Mind, Soul, Language in Wittgenstein Essay examples -- Philosophy Phil

Mind, Soul, Language in WittgensteinABSTRACT I show that the latter Wittgensteins handling of language and the mind results in a conception of the human subject that goes against the exclusive emphasis on the cognitive that characterizes our modern conception of knowledge and the self. For Wittgenstein, our naming with the cognitive ego is tantamount to a blindness to our own nature blindness that is entrenched in our present culture. The task of philosophy is thus change into a form of cultural therapy that seeks to awaken in us a sensitivity to different modes of awareness than the merely intellectual. Its substance of reflection becomes not all the field of conscious rational thought, but the tension in our nature between reason and vital feeling, that is, between culture and life. It is well known that Wittgenstein is trusty for two great moments in the philosophy of this century the first initially and incorrectly identified with logical positivism, and the second even now considered as prototype of Analytic philosophy. Insofar as identifications, both interpretations seem to me to show an imperfect and only partial understanding of Wittgensteins philosophical motivations, but I do not intend to discuss that point on this opportunity. What is important to our present purposes is that what separates his two great works is his discovery of a kind of intellectual blindness produced by the almost exclusive predominance of one single conception of knowledge or rationality in our culture.The first signs of this philosophical shift are ready in Wittgensteins observations not specifically about language but rather about ritual practices, as they were considered in The Golden Bough. In his opini... ...of devotion their incessant, fateful and essential tension.Notes(1) Remarks on The Golden Bough, (OF), p. 58.(2) OF, p. 73 Cf. Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, II, 39-40, pp. 84-5.(3) OF, p. 78.(4) OF, p. 83.(5) All these attempts announce what Witt genstein will call our form of life.(6) Cf. Philosophical Investigations II, iv.(7) This pillowcase is derived form Stanley Cavells discussions in Aesthetic Problems of Modern Philosophy in Must We Mean What We Say?, Cambridge University Press, 1969.(8) Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology, v.1, 313(9) Cf. Marcia Cavell The Psychoanalytic Mind From Freud to Philosophy, Harvad University Press, Cambridge, 1993, p. 102.(10) Csar Vallejo, in El arte y la revolucin, Lima, Mosca Azul Editores, 1973, p. 70(11) Cf. Philosophical Investigations, II, xii

Mind, Soul, Language in Wittgenstein Essay examples -- Philosophy Phil

Mind, Soul, Language in WittgensteinABSTRACT I video display that the latter Wittgensteins treatment of language and the mind results in a creation of the gentleman subject that goes against the exclusive emphasis on the cognitive that characterizes our modern conception of knowledge and the self. For Wittgenstein, our identification with the cognitive ego is tantamount to a blindness to our make nature blindness that is entrenched in our depict culture. The task of philosophy is thus transformed into a form of cultural therapy that seeks to awaken in us a sensitivity to different modes of awareness than the merely intellectual. Its substance of reflection becomes not only the field of conscious rational thought, but the tension in our nature between reason and vital feeling, that is, between culture and life. It is well known that Wittgenstein is responsible for two great moments in the philosophy of this century the graduation initially and incorrectly identified with logic al positivism, and the second even now considered as paradigm of Analytic philosophy. Insofar as identifications, both interpretations seem to me to show an imperfect and only partial understanding of Wittgensteins philosophical motivations, but I do not intend to discuss that point on this opportunity. What is important to our present purposes is that what separates his two great works is his discovery of a kind of intellectual blindness produced by the almost exclusive predominance of one single conception of knowledge or rationality in our culture.The first signs of this philosophical shift are found in Wittgensteins observations not specifically about language but rather about ritual practices, as they were considered in The Golden Bough. In his opini... ...of devotion their incessant, inevitable and essential tension.Notes(1) Remarks on The Golden Bough, (OF), p. 58.(2) OF, p. 73 cf Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, II, 39-40, pp. 84-5.(3) OF, p. 78.(4) OF, p. 83.(5) All these attempts announce what Wittgenstein will call our form of life.(6) Cf. Philosophical Investigations II, iv.(7) This example is derived form Stanley Cavells discussions in Aesthetic Problems of Modern Philosophy in Must We Mean What We Say?, Cambridge University Press, 1969.(8) Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology, v.1, 313(9) Cf. Marcia Cavell The Psychoanalytic Mind From Freud to Philosophy, Harvad University Press, Cambridge, 1993, p. 102.(10) Csar Vallejo, in El arte y la revolucin, Lima, Mosca Azul Editores, 1973, p. 70(11) Cf. Philosophical Investigations, II, xii

Cause and Effects of Sleep Deprivation Essay

Cause and Effect EssayThere are many people today who figure come forward there are not enough waking hours in a day to accomplish all that needs to be d atomic number 53. Daily tasks and obligations can shit up a lot of time and in order for people to get these things done they cut corners on sleep. One might rationalize that a few hours here and there wont make any release, but lack of sleep can make a huge difference on a someones mental and physical health. Lack of sleep can potentially be very harmful, anyone who gets an average of less than heptad hours of sleep could be affected greatly. Not getting enough sleep can increase the chances of getting sick. Extended sleep deprivation has been linked with minuscule immune system functions. Researchers have in addition found a direct connection between people who get less than six hours of sleep go forth to have a reduced immune response.A lack of sleep can also increase a persons risk of ontogenesis chronic diseases. Almo st 90% of people who suffer from sleep deprivation also suffer from another life threatening health condition. Some of these diseases let in diabetes, heart disease, heart failure, heart attack, and high blood pressure. Not only can sleep damage one physically but it can also damage a person mentally. Sleep is essential to the quick thinking processes that are associated with learning. A lack of sleep can bring down the sharp-sightedness of the mind and its attention span that makes it easier for one to learn and take in information. The shortage of attention can also limit a persons ability to reason or solve a problem effectively. This means that people who are fatigued cannot learn at an effective level. rase if one can manage to learn a significant amount of information during the day, the person will not be able to remember everything if he or she does not allow their body to get enough sleep to store all of the information in the long-term area in the brain. Avoiding a lot o f deep sleep can damage long-term computer memory and can also lead to excessive forgetfulness. Skills that have been learned during the day are converted into memories during the night. Sharp wave ripples are brain events used to strengthen memory. This makes things the brain has learned easy to access and recall.These ripples also transfer short-term memory information into the neocortex and the hippocampus where they can become long-term knowledge. This occurs at its strongest rate during the deepest part of a personssleep cycle. If not taken seriously, lack of sleep can cause much damage to the brain and other organs of the body. On average a person should be getting at least 7 hours of sleep per night. Less than seven hours of sleep per night could affect someone mentally and physically. Sleep is more important than one would realize and it is essential for the sound use of the mind, body, and their functions.

How annual report can be used to understand performance

A At he stop of each financial twelvemonth or so of the companies make Documents supplying financial information such as blance sheets, income and cashflow statements and listing of comp both operations, calles annual studies. The information included in the watch is comp ard to the information of old old ages, looking likewise at the consequences. This is a criticial fortune of the dessision doing procedure of the company for future company tactics and schemes. Thither are two types of annual studies depending on their contnents. The first is Annual study to the Securities and Exchange Comission, besides known as signifier 10-k. The 2nd is the stockholder annual study or integrated nonpareil-year study. While the SEC one-year study provides in truth elaborate fiscal information, the sahreholder reoprt provides more generaized information indicating out the staring(a) revenues and the selling information. To analyze the company s market people should look at the corpora te studies, but the user of the information mustiness hold at least basic accounting knowedge, being familiar with company s statements, cognizing where to happen recyclable information and how to analyze it. Annual studies are created by the direction of the company, so as the direction is responsible for the truth of the information presented in the study. The information is apply chiefly by investors to analyze the company s fiscal position and predict future way. To do happening information in the one-year studies easier, the one-year studies have similar construction, and include obligatory parts such as Management s treatment and analysis of operating consequences.Annual studies basicly exhibit fiscal and statistical informations, so as to treat public entry, markets and production. Puting together gross revenues, net incomes and other fiscal constituents for two or more old ages. This so called fiscal high spots have the intent to find the best attack to doing the company s future scheme. However the one-year studies are undisturbed by the direction, which purpose is to show the company in the best manner, overstating both(prenominal) information and suppress other. So every bit good as the one-year study is, it should nt be the lone beginning of garnering information for the investors to measure the productive and fiscal public presentation of the company. Another major factors for the truth of the information extracted from the one-year study is the ability to destinguish the of import facts and accomplishments of the extractor himself.In order to acquire information from the one-year study foremost must happen 1. All public-treaded companies are required to do one-year studies aviable for the Securities and Exchange Comission ( SEC ) , so to happen there one-year study is a possibility. Although most of the companies send digital coppies of their one-year study via electronic mails to users, or difficult coppies via mailing, normally free of ch arge. And for imediate obtaining one screwing ever download digital coppy straight from the company s sack up site. Naturally the mean one-year study includes missive to stockholders, Operational Overview ( Management Discussion and Analysis ) , Auditor s study, amalgamate fiscal statements-including balancesheets income statements cashflow statements, Notes to amalgamate statements and some corporate information-for illustration Board of managers, officers and stockholder information.In order to garner the needed information one must merely folow the stairss of analyzing the one-year study. First one must look into the last page of the study. It should be written on it Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm or Auditor s Report. If the one-year study does non hold this subdivision, it is non valid, so the information in it may be non authentical, intending that it is useless. To go on with the study s security review than look into the ascribe Report of In dependent Registered Public Accounting Firm , it should be signed by an active reassuring house, the most celebrated are Pricewaterhouse Coopers, KPMG, Ernst & A Young, Deloitte & A Touche. The house s mark confirms that the study was created utilizing By and large Acepted Acounting Principles ( GAAP ) . Shoping through the study, the following mass coming is the Letter to the stockholders , incorporating summarised information some the company s yesteryear, present and future. That could be utile for more basic determinations, based on more summarized information. Following are Notes To Consolidated Financial Statements, here is most of the neggative onformation or so the company. Such as critical partnerships, cases and many other types of hazards that the company has taken. The following phase in analyzing the one-year study is reading the portion titled Management s Discussion And Analysis. Here all the information normally has the intent to show the company in a good manner, normally written by the PR experts, I m non stating that this information is non valuable, but it may be distorted in some manner, so the reader must hold that one on head. The following portion of the study ca nt be manupalated, it is called Amalgamate Statements Of Financials. Incorporating merely unsmooth Numberss, it ca nt be influented. Looking at the Numberss, the reader makes his ain feeling based on his ain analysis. This portion of the study is divided by three chief parts. Firtst is balance sheet, showing a snapshot of the company s state of affairs, but it may be changed many times from that past minute, so the information that contains may be non legitimate any longer. The 2nd portion is the cashflow statement, demoing the monye flow in the company and it s alteration during certain periods of browse. Very crutial portion of inspecting company s statement, based on the fact that the monyeflow is one of the most of import factors organizing company s position. T he 3rd portion is based on the net income / loss dependance here is the most utile analyzis demoing if the house is passing more than it is gaining, howerver, the information may change due to some factors. The study besides includes an analysis of the Consolidated Statements of Financials, which is the undermentioned portion of the study. This analysis is basicly comparing balance sheets, or cashflows for different old ages ( one or more ) sing the tendencies. Tendencies are really utile sing any anticipations made about the company. The longer the period is the better the tendencies are distinged by the reader. The information compared for several old ages is evaluated in percantages, presuming 100 % as the index accustomed in one of the old ages named basal twelvemonth, the other values in the other old ages could be higher or lower and in really rear instances being the same. This shows the existent alteration in the ammount for the different points. Than the sums of the simila r points are expressed as a per centum of the basal twelvemonth s ammount and that is how is organise the index or the tendency ratios. In order to susccesfully construe the information, the reader could seek specific information replying sepcific inquiries. For illustration an addition in the stock of the company, could be provoced by altering the whole stock list policy. Increasing in revenue enhancement could be a consequence of really increased gross revenues, but somewhat altering net incomes. Monitoring he fixed assets and the long term debt besides could take to many concealed information about how these assets are being financed. That was the horizontal manner of analyzing Amalgamate Statements of Financials. The perpendicular method is for comparing statements of companies tha differ in size. For illustration in the perpendicular anlysis gross revenues woud be expressed as 100 % and every point in the income statement is expressed as a portion of this percantage. Sing the information that manner, the reader can examin the grounds of increasing the value of the current assets and stock.Sum uping the information given, I must state that analyzing company s market, productive and fiscal public presentation is a long procedure, that requires more attending than it seems. To be the analysis every bit accurate as possible, the reader must detect the smallest item in the figures of the study and the histories. Because the slightest alteration in the tendencies of an facet of the company s position, may be tantamount to a dramatic alteration in future. Reading the study and analyzing the histories is merely non plenty. It is required far more deep inspecting of the informations presented and separating the valuable information, straight related to the topic. Market and productive and fiscal public presentation are influenced by many factors and this is the ground why their analysis is so difficult to accomplish. And that every component of the studies and th e histories has it s immense part in this analysis. Following these stairss and passing the clip required will likely take to an success analyzing the tendencies, that could reply the exact inquiry which response the analyser seeks, and replying that inquiry to construct up an full sweet scheme and maneuver over the topic.

How to Write a Thesis Statement (2018)

How To Write A Stronger Thesis Statement Essential Tips Writing a strong thesis is one of the most important things that you merchant ship do in regards to essay writing in college. If youre acquittance to become one of the top student OR anything else that you do in life, knowing how to mental synthesis a correct thesis avowal is going to help you. So, how to you go about Writing a Thesis Statement Lets seek this togetherA thesis statement is an interesting thing to consider as it is part of the main idea of your essayIf your goal is to be a better writer, than the following tips are just for you. This is a solid option that is going to give you a great option to move forward with, in particular if your goal is to master the art of essay writing.Thesis Statement DefinedThe first thing that you need to consider is simple, you need to consider what this truly is. A thesis statement is an interesting thing to consider as it is part of the main idea of your essay. This should app ear in your essay as a way to inform readers what youre going to be discussing and relieveing. It brook be a single sentence statement, or it could be a couple of sentences. Your thesis topic needs to explain to the reader what youre going to be proposing with your writing.Dividing The Thesis StatementsThe next thing that you need to know is that you are going to have to deal with two major(ip) statements.These are thesis options that will make or break your essay. This is an option that is going to help you gain the upper hand when writing. The first option is an informative thesis, which gives the reader a better idea of what youre going to be writing about.The best way to do this is to write a cause and resultant role sentence. An example of this could be similar to this To ride a skateboard, you first need to get a board, and then kick and shake in one direction.This is non the only type of thesis that you are going to want to consider. Theres several(prenominal) other opti ons that you need to know about. The second solution is cognize as a persuasive thesis. This is something that will help you create a reason why youre trying to write your essay and why the stick in is stated as you want it to be said.For instance, use a sentence similar to this Skateboarding is the best type of sport, because it lets you be creative, and is easy to learn.As you can see, this option lets you create an opinion that you will then talk about in your essay. This is different than the informational solution, which lets you have a full narrative based on one statement. This is something that you will need to consider overall, as it is an important example as to how to divide thesis elements. This is an important thing to learn if youre going to create a strong thesis overall.You may too review how to structure a PhD thesis.Style and Substance of Your ThesisIf youre going to create a untroubled thesis, youre going to need to either go with one point or several points. This is something that can be a matter of your own assignment. For instance, if your instructor is going to ask you to write an essay that is about one topic, and theres one point that you need to make in a tenuous essay, then you dont need to have a list of topics. Instead, youll need to work with one overarching point into the paragraphs that youre going to be creating.Youll occur that the length of your essay is going to mean a lot. An essay that is shorter than 5 pages, will check that you will not have to write about several different points. Youll find that one topic will be easy to work with if youre going to write five pages or under.Now, if youre going to write a larger paper, youre going to need to put in a lot of effort to create a serious push into your points. Your thesis will need a list of statements and topics because youll be writing an extensive amount of information about the topic.What To Look For In A unattackable ThesisYour thesis statement has to have 3 m ajor components. These are going to help you gain the upper hand moving forward.The length for instance, will be the first thing that you need to consider. Your sentence shouldnt be too long. Anything longer than 30 words is too long, and anything less is ok, but you have to ensure you have a complete position.The position of your thesis also matters. This is something that you will need to write that has an opinion on the matter. You need to write as though you believe the statement on a small scale, to then discuss it on a larger scale.The last thing that you need to have is a moment of strength, meaning that your statement has to be fully realized and closed overall.What does a strong thesis intuitive feeling likeWell, heres an example of what you can do.Skateboarding is a great sport because its fun to learn.In that sentence, you have an argument that answers itself in one sentence. Now, if you were to write an essay around that sentence, you could soft bring about several elem ents to discuss the question of why, which is why essays are written in academia and in professional settings.You may also like to review how to avoid plagiarism in an essay or dissertationComposing Thesis StatementsOverall, when youre thinking about writing an essay, make sure that you look into creating a simple way of describing arguments overall. What are you trying to explain with your essaySeriously, what is it that you want to conveyIf you consider this, youll be able to write a sentence that explains things with relative ease. This is a great option to consider. Direct your research towards the sentence of your thesis, and you will see a positive push forward, no doubt.If you are worried that you need to stick out the uni, head over to our site and let our expert writers help you write a top class essay, on time and to the highest possible quality.

Final Nerrative Essay

He became difficult and refused to listen to Our mother. He would stroll the the streets all night and r issueinely come covert home with items we suspect were stolen. My parents had always pondered upon and discussed the consequences of leaving us alone, without the guidance and support of both a mother and father. But because of our financial situation, my father needed to find the sacrifice. We all needed to sacrifice something. Subsequently, the behavior of my chum got worse over time and finally hit rock bottom one cold night. wiz Friday night approximately at 9 p. . , I was returning from school, some a block away from my house, I spotted a group of kids shell up a person. As I got closer, I recognized the unconscious body of my brother. Me being only 13 at the time, I launched myself with the greatest practicable might at these bullies, which were in their twenties. Recall about 20 seconds of the fight, as I was getting stomped in my face, lying on the wet ground. To thi s day, I cornerstone still smell the dirt, water, stemma, and leaves of that particular bush that grows around the rivers in that region of Mexico.The next day woke up in a hospital, and my first thought was about my brother. Was he well? Where was he? I ignored my head covered in bandages and the pain of my broken arm. Not even the fact that my dad flew from Los Angles and was on that point by my side. My heart began to fill with anger towards the man beside me, for failing to be there for us, and leaving his wife and children alone for months. When the nurse finally rolled my brother in on a squeaky hospital bed into the room, the whole family burst into tears the moment my brother and I embraced. Those were the tears of enormous repose that we were both alive.Up to this day, it has been the only time I have seen my dad cry. That day, all of us cried as a family in that cold blue pine olfactory property hospital room. During the following weeks of our recovery our father stay ed in Mexico with us. About 3 weeks after this ordeal, we went back with the local police to the area where my brother and were attacked. The eerie judgement embraced us, as we walked down the block to that area. I will never forget the look on my fathers face, as he looked at the scattered broken branches and our blood on he concrete floor, where we laid that night.For my father, the realization of his sons coming close to losing their lives finally struck him, he broke down. The police never strand out what gang was responsible for the attack though, still have a feeling that my brother knew some of them, but I never pushed the issue upon him after that. My parents discussed the option of sending my brother to a military school for kids who are on the wrong path in life, but a funny thing occurred. at a time my father was with us fulfillment, my brother Joe completely changed, it was as a light bulb went off. Never again he got into trouble.For the sake of the family, my paren ts made a decisiveness to move back to California. We sold our house in Mexico and within months, the whole family moved back to Los Angles. My brother continued to behave, as he confidently found his positive path. It ultimately took the presence of my father to turn him around. Frequently hear arguments in single parent households, that a father is not needed for enjoyment and stability in the family. In some instances that might be true, however, when it comes to our family, our father is the glue hat has kept us together to this day.

African Americans in the Reconstruction Era Essay

The reconstructive memory era was put into effect by sexual congress in 1866 and lasted until 1877. Reconstruction was aimed at reorganizing the southernern states later on the Civil War. The reconstructive memory plan granted the means for readmitting the southern states into the Union, and tried to come up with the methods by which whites and sorrys could live together in a non-slave society. Americas position as a country was established on principles of freedom but those beliefs were gelded by slavery. At the end of the Civil War, many blacks felt that they were entitled to start collecting the benefits that had been denied for so many years.Being able to select, own the three estates and have a voice in political affairs were all in all goals that they believed were reachable. The white, however, saw reconstruction as an embarrassing, revengeful annoyance and did not welcome it. Reconstruction was meant to transgress the blacks a chance for a new and better life. Many o f the African Americans stayed with their old masters after being freed, while others left in search of opportunities through education and land ownership. The Southern white conservatives did not want blacks to own property, have political power, or have the compensate to suffrage in elections.In addition, the whites crockedly believed that they were excellent, and they worked hard to make sure legal limitations were in place to prevent the blacks from gaining any type of equality or power. electric chair Johnsons reconstruction plan included the black codes, which stated that the African-Americans were required to have a curfew and carry identification on their persons at all time. These regulations withal bound the freedmen to their plantations. The freed slaves merely wanted the opportunity to live the family-based shared work methods contrary to having to accept the individual piecework structure.Former slaves wanted to be able to continue to live on the land their ancest ors had farmed. African americans lives were improved in many ways during the era of Reconstruction one way their lives were intensify was the establishment of the Freedmens Bureau. The Freedmens Bureau was an organization developed by Congress that assisted African-Americans to acquire an education and provided necessities of life such as pabulum and clothing. It was important for African-Americans to become educated, because it would prevent them from being dominated by white supremacists and helped them obtain well-suited jobs.During the years after the war, white teachers who were mostly from the North, missionary organizations, churches and schools worked hard to give the emancipated population the opportunity to learn. Former slaves of every age took advantage of the opportunity to become literate. Grandfathers and their grandchildren sat together in classrooms seeking to obtain the tools of k to gain their freedom. During Reconstruction, blacks were often seen not heard. It was usually the white mans word over the black mans word. Even if there was a crowd of raft that saw what happened, unless they were black, the people sided with the white man.However, when the situation involved a white man getting hurt or killed for supporting the black community, thats when the government stepped in to put an end to it thus leading to the Civil R A of 1875. Many regulations were passed to help blacks during this period. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 require segregation in public facilities and various government amendments, which gave African-Americans even more guaranteed rights. With government guidelines, the newly dubbed freedmen were still discriminated against by most people and were soon to be segregated once again under government decisions.The Reconstruction, although short-lived, showed the first real attempts of inclusive freedom for African-Americans. Gains were taking place, for instance, in citizenship, voting, education and politics. Consequentl y, the failure of Johnsons reconstruction caused the Congress to propose its own plan, the fourteenth Amendment. The Amendment was designed to prohibit state governments from restricting the rights of former slaves after the Civil War. However, it had been used to grant all the individualised liberties and rights conveyed in the Bill of Rights.Among other things, this prohibited ex-Confederate leaders from holding political office, and also gave the freedmen their citizenship. The rejection of the 14th Amendment paved the way for the Reconstruction Act of 1867 this dismantled all Southern governments and launched military control over the South. The Reconstruction Act guaranteed freedmen the right to vote under new state constitutions and required the Southern states to approve the 14th A With the addition of African American votes in the southern elections and the help of CarpetBaggers and Scalawags, the Republican Party gained almost complete control over the South. passim this t ime, the ranking of freedman was significantly increased, and by 1868 many state legislatures had African American delegates. All of America, as well as the South, had to be rebuilt, and, despite the Souths hostile resistance, African-Americans were slowly and gradually becoming part of this nation. The long-awaited citizenship for Blacks was confirmed in 1868, by the 14th Amendment to the Constitution.By 1870, the 15th Amendment had been added to the Constitution, which gave blacks the right to vote. The 15th Amendment forbids the states from denying the right to vote to any person on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Whites both wealthy and poverty-stricken were ruthlessly and completely against the emancipation. The poor people business organizationed the competition in the labor force, and the rich encouraged an attitude to keeping a strong separation in the blacks and the whites. In the early years after the Reconstruction started, there was some viol ence towards blacks.As the years went on the violence increased, and Terrorist groups were formed. One such group cognize as the Ku Klux Klan better known as the KKK, surfaced to torment and commit violent acts against blacks and strong white Republicans. Because of the ratification of the 13th Amendment ending slavery in the south, the KKK emerged with a cause that has yet to be put to restthe rise of white power. The KKK was formed mostly to restore slavery to America and to reinstate the Caucasian race as the most superior race in the world.A former Confederate general and Freemason, Nathan Bedford Forrest, founded the KKK in 1866 because Negroes were being allowed to enter the brotherhood of freemasonry. He held this office while he was at the same time Sovereign Grand Commander of Scottish rite, Freemasons, and Southern Jurisdiction. Members of the KKK were very violent and used harsh actions to get their point across, but their actions were supported by their strong belief i n their religion and the culture in which they were brought up in.The KKK did things based on what they believed according to their culture and how they were raised Which, at that period of time make them extremists. Although slavery was abolished, racism was not. Because the government started recognizing African-Americans as more than just slaves, the KKK decided they would have to take matters into their own hands. They began their protest by lynching, taring and feathering, whipping, beating, and killing African-Americans in the south. Since Blacks had been wedded rights, the KKK felt it was their duty to prevent the former slaves from using them.Racist Groups such as the KKK operated mainly in the South however, discrimination against the African Americans was also an loose of a smaller degree in northern cities. The KKK would destroy any black polling booth and shoot, intimidate, and kill any black person trying to vote especially in Mississippi. KKK members went on night ri des. On night rides, the KKK members dressed in white robes and went to houses belonging to empowered blacks and used threats toward family and loved ones to instill fear into their hearts has a means of control.The KKK would threaten these blacks with what would happen if they voted or took positions of power. At the end of the 19th century and the Reconstruction era, many of the whites used violent fashion to scare the African-Americans from white neighborhoods. The Whites organized protective associations, so homes in white neighborhoods could never be sold to a black man. This was also very discernible in the makeup of many of the northern cities these cities had well-known residential neighborhoods for African Americans.In conclusion, during this time, a country that was so well-known for its freedom, opposed in too large the very definition of the word. After the Civil War, America saw a great many changes regarding civil rights and black suffrage. Many laws were passed to give African Americans more rights. Since the Reconstruction era, we as a country have come a long way. With the utilization of great leadership like Lincoln, education and recognizing our shared humanity, we could abate the gap of equality.

A Doll’s House: Summary

It was Christmas Eve and Norah Helmer has just arrived home after completing her Christmas shopping list which includes a horse and a stain for her male children and a doll for her female child. She paid the porter twice of how much she owed him, went inside the house and ate some macaroons to begin with her husband, Torvald Helmer, came out of his issue room and investigated the things she bought.Torvald addressed his wife with terms such as skylark and squirrel while sweetly scolding her for being a spendthrift. Nora immediately denied by saying that saves funds whenever she could but she just cant military service herself with the Christmas shopping because its time that they celebrate the good fortune that is ahead of them.Norah is talking close the job promotion that Torvald got from the bank he is working for, an event which according to his wife pass on allow them to more extravagant this season as compared to what they had last year.However, Torvald argued by saying th at the promotion will take effect after New Year so before that, they must be more watchful with their expenses, Nora suggested that they can spend on opinion until Torvald is paid but her husband immediately reprimanded and explained that there is no freedom or beauty in a home manners that is based on debt.As a result, Nora finally gave up with her suggestion. Noticing his wifes disappointment, Torvald asked Nora of the gift the she wants to receive. Nora hesitated at first but eventually shared that she would want her husband to give her money instead so she could buy the things she wanted.Torvald again accused his wife of being wasteful, a trait which he believed is inherited by Nora from her father. He then asked Nora if she has eaten macaroons that day but she denied. The play off then proceeded to discuss the misfortunes they had last year and compared it with the blessings that they are enjoying today.Suddenly, their maid, Helene, entered the room and announced the arriva l of Dr. send, Torvalds doctor, and Mrs. Linde, Noras friend whom she has not seen for many years.The drastic changes in Mrs. Lindes appearance, as Nora draw them to be, made it hard for Nora to recognize her childhood friend. She verbalize that Mrs. Linde looked paler and thinner and she also apologized for her inability to write her when the news about her husbands death sp determine.Nora inquired on the kind of life Mrs. Linde had after the death of her husband. Mrs. Linde replied by saying that it was a very dark chapter of her life since her husband left nothing to her, not even money or a child, while she was tasked to take care of an ailing mother and two younger brothers.But today, after three years of working in various jobs, nurse her mother who has recently passed away, and supporting her brothers who are grown ups now, her life is sadder because there is no one to depend on her.Nora sympathized to Mrs.Linde but wasnt able to care herself from discussing about her th ree lovely children, happy marriage life, and Torvalds new position at the bank. Mrs. Linde saw her opportunity and convey her desire to have a position at the bank where Torvald works. Nora said that she will discuss the matter with her husband.Nora proceed to mention that life has not always been so good at them because Torvald was hospitalized and needed to be transported to Italy to allow himself to recuperate, an event which required Nora to borrow money and work in order to pay for it. She emphasized that Torvald knew nothing about these stuff because she was sure that her husbands experience would be greatly hurt of the idea that he owed his life to his wife.Nora told Torvald that the money came from her deceased father but the truth is that she took job as copy generator during the winter and locked herself inside a room to conceal her secret while making her husband believe that she was just making ornaments.She even boasted that she will be free from her debt after new year and by then, she will be able to completely assume her role as wife and mother. Krogstad, a lawyer wishing to discuss bank business with Torvald suddenly appeared on the door while Nora and Mrs. Linde were talking.Nora introduced him to her friend but Mrs. Linde said that she already knew him. Krogstad entered Torvalds study room when Dr. Rank came out from it. Nora introduced Dr. Rank to Mrs. Linde and the three of them left the house.In the next scene, Nora was seen playing with her children. Krogstad came and talked to her explaining his belief that Mrs. Linde will replace his position at the bank. He said that Nora should form her husband and must prevent him from firing Krogstad from his bank position.When Nora was trying to deny his influence on her husband, Krogstad tried to ingloriousmail Nora and said that if she will not help him then he will have to inform Torvald of the debt that Nora incurred from him. He even reminded Nora of the forgery she made on her fathers signature saying that it is a serious iniquity that is punishable by law.Krogstad further assured Nora of the gravity of her crime and threatened her once more before leaving. Nora was left very disturbed.On Christmas day, the Helmer house is portrayed to be messy of decorations and gifts. Nora, on the other hand, is not jubilated by the occasion because she is deeply thinking on how to prevent Krogstads dismissal.She seriously tried to persuade her husband to refrain Krogstads position but her husband declined saying that the presence of Krogstad in the bank is a disgrace for the company because Krogstad is not a reputable man. Torvald explained that Krogstad forged many signatures before and denied it, an event which damaged his reputation. Torvald then proceed to prepare Krogstads letter of dismissal.The next day, when Nora was trying to win the favor of Dr. Rank in order to help her influence Torvald regarding the dismissal of Krogstad, Dr. Rank suddenly confessed his love to Nora and shared to her that his day are numbered because of a serious illness.Nora was shocked of the doctors declaration of love but was saddened by the news of his impending death. Dr. Rank said that he intends to leave the town after his declaration of his feelings to Nora and said that a calling card with a black cross will be sent to the Helmers house to signal his imminent death.After receiving his dismissal letter, Krogstad dropped a letter in Torvalds mailbox. The letter contained a detailed description of his transaction with Nora. Mrs. Linde became aware of the situation when she saw Nora crying. She promised to help Nora by persuading Krogstad, who regained to be her ex-lover.Torvald then appeared and Nora asked him to help her prepare the tarantella that she will dance at the habiliments party. Such action was actually Noras way of preventing her husband from reading Krogstads letter.Mrs. Linde met Krogstad at the doorway of the Helmers house. She confessed to him tha t she still loved him and wants to take care of him and his children. She also explained that she left him before because she needed the money that she will get from her marriage.Krogstad was skeptical at first because he thought Mrs. Linde was only doing this in order to prevent him from blackmailing Nora but Mrs. Linde said that she believed that Torvald deserves to know the truth. However, she agreed that Krogstad must retract from his first plans of blackmailing Nora.Krogstad eventually agreed to Mrs. Lindes proposal. Inside the Helmers house, Torvald saw Dr. Ranks card and Krogstads letter. He went inside his study room and read both letters then stormed out of the living room and punished Nora. He said that he now owes his reputation to Krogstad and he accuses Nora of destroying his life.He said that Nora is a hypocrite and a liar but prevents her from leaving saying that they must still maintain their marriage in order to save themselves from further disgrace. In response to this, Nora felt calm and frozen as she began to realize the truth of her marriage. The door bell rang and their maid came with a letter for Nora.Torvald read it and suddenly expressed a change of emotion. He said that the letter came from Krogstad telling them that he will no longer blackmail Nora. As an assurance, Krogstad even attached the promissory note which Nora forged. This made Torvald very happy and explained to Nora that everything has returned to normal and that she must forget the things that he has told earlier.However, Nora has made up her mind. She said that Torvald has only treated her as a doll and not as a real human being. She now realizes that she has been blinded by her love for Torvald that she has forgotten to her own identity.Torvald explained that Nora ought to fulfill her duty to as a wife and mother but Nora replied that her duty to herself is more important. Nora removed her wedding ring, freed Torvald of all of his obligations on her, instructed him neve r to contact her, walked put of the room, and finally, slammed the door.Questions1.) Act Three. Torvald to Mrs. Linde universe Noras close friend, can you advise me of ways on how to win my wife back? Is there a way for me a glorious thing to happen so that I can save our marriage? What changes should I do in order to make myself worthy of Noras love again?2.) Act Three. Torvald to Krogstad why did you withdraw your intentions of blackmailing my wife? I just want to be ware of the reasons that made you write a retraction letter? Dont you have any isolated agenda?

Gender in student access and teacher attention in classroom Essay

The school is one of the many social institutions which seek to promote human welfargon. Students and teachers similar are both a part of the larger scheme of the academic institution aimed at expanding the k immediatelyledge of mankind from a wide range of themes. despite of the existing and previous efforts in fully achieving and realizing these goals, several factors have hindered academic institutions from meeting such(prenominal) ends (Kane, p. 419). sexuality is one of the factors which pose a limit in maximizing the acquisition of knowledge (McIntyre, p.80), both practical and theoretical, in the academic institutions such as schools. to a greater extent particularly, sex plays a difference in disciple penetration and teacher concern in the classroom. It does not only limit the interaction from among students and teachers, it also limits the attention teachers give and students receive. This research is specifically aimed at identifying and analyzing the ship canal sexu al activity demarcates student access and teacher attention in the classroom setup through a critical appraisal of the various elements that contribute to it. sexual practice is considered to be the effeminateness or anthropoidness of individuals (Pearson, p. 328), and these individuals include both students and teachers. On the other hand, classrooms are primarily the basic unit of the academic institution in terms of the aggregate of the students and teachers operating within the academic setup. This setup initially consists of learners or students, and facilitators of learning such as the teachers. What precisely are the ways in which gender plays a difference in student access and teacher attention within the classroom setup?In lay out to arrive at the probable ways and the related explanations behind these ways, it is imperative to consider several societal forces which contribute to these differences as well as the several other institutional forces commonly existing in sch ools. The role of forces in the society The setup of the society starting from earlier times has been observed to be dominated by phallics. In this sense, the society in earlier times is thought to be as a patriarchal one where male person dominance sets the general bodily structure as well as the particularities in the society (Kane, p.421).It can be noted that this previous setup of the society has had a profound impact in the present generation. And the profound impacts are quite observable in many ways. For instance, there are occupations wherein males are more preferred over egg-producing(prenominal) persons for several reasons (Lopata and Thorne, p. 718) which whitethorn include corporal capabilities. These and other preferences based on certain factors will be further considered in the latter part of the paper.What is important to consider for now is the fact that preferences based on gender have been a result of the patriarchal domination especially in the past, and that this societal setup, whether or not it lock exists today, has resulted to certain effects in contemporary times. Having an earlier patriarchal society resulted to an derangement in gender roles (McCallops, p. 408). Males whitethorn have been given more roles and agile participation whereas females whitethorn have shared a lesser fraction of participation. As a result, a disruption in the roles has paved the way for an imbalance in gender roles.However, it should be noted that the focus of the research is not to expound on the historical events that created this imbalance but rather to use this manifestation as the basis for the more contemporary gender differences in student access and teacher attention in the classroom. Apparently, more modern waves of changes have transpired. feminist theories have countered the persistence of male dominance and have given more weight on the role of women. In this sense, it can be presumed that male and female students and teachers have been affected by these shifts in the society.A male student may have the consciousness that male dominance has existed in the past (Lopata and Thorne, p. 720) and is existence challenged today. On the other hand, a female teacher may all the more break away from the patriarchal tradition by giving an equal share of participation between male and female students within the classroom. Nevertheless, whether or not the patriarchal setup of the society has been eradicated or gradually broken down, it corpse a fact that there are gender delineations spread across classrooms in many parts of the world (Acker, p.565). For instance, physical education activities have manifested the time interval of roles between male and female students in the classroom. Physically daunting tasks such as lifting heavy objects designed to improve the body are more challenging among males than females precisely because males are given more of the weight of the challenges. This is especially uncoiled in countri es where tradition declares that males should do more of the physical laboring (Kane and Macaulay, p. 5).This in deliberate results to differences in student access in the classroom in the sense that males appear to acquire more space in participating in physically challenging tasks in the classroom although females also share a part in this. It may be an all too simple occurrence with presumptively a minimal significance, but the fact is that it reinforces the gender differences even more. Female students, on the other hand, share more of the classroom activities with limited physical requirements such as designing or planning activities although males also share a part in these activities.This is not to say that either male or female students are simply confined within the prescribed roles they are encouraged or even forced to perform. What is being shown is the fact that there are gender preferences in the classroom roles male and female students are engaged into which spell th e difference in student access. Homosexuality is another issue that has a relevance to the issue of differences in student access.There are societies which have a strong inclination to condemn homosexuality (McCallops, p.409) such as those in Iran although there, too, are countries which have an open acceptance of homosexuality such as the Netherlands. This also has an impact on the student access in classrooms depending upon where the school is to be found. More specifically, religious schools which have a strict compliance with conservative religious dogma might have a negative stance towards students who are homosexuals (Martin and Little, p. 1428). This may lead to limited access for students who are either gays or lesbians in terms of participation in classroom activities.The opposite may be true of schools which are liberal, learning institutions which do not discriminate in terms of gender and gender preference. In contrast to conservative schools, it may lead to a much broa der participation for homosexuals in the classroom which heightens their access within the learning environment. Institutional factors It is a fact that there are aspects in the learning institutions where gender demarcations are clearly exhibited (Blee, p. 163).These demarcations arise out of urgency simply because without these gender demarcations certain disorders may manifest. One of these demarcations among numerous institutions is comfort room. How is this related to student access and teacher attention in the classroom? The answer to this question rests on the basic premise that one small thing leads to another. To put it more precisely, the necessity of putting up separate comfort rooms for males and females, specifically among students, reinforces the consciousness of gender separation.Although the subscribe to separate comfort rooms is perhaps an accepted need, it til now reinforces the belief in the male-female demarcation (Kane and Macaulay, p. 21). Even school unifor ms contribute in a way to the clear gender demarcation. It should be reminded that this research does not discern the removal of these necessities but rather this research proposes the use of these gender demarcations as part of the number of hindrances in student access and teacher attention in the classroom.With these necessities, the classroom access of male and female students is hindered in terms of the reinforced belief in gender separation. And because of the individual performances of each student, the accessibility is either hindered or promoted all the more. For instance, a passive male student is more prompted to keep away from the attention of the teacher and to minimize interaction with other students because there is no compelling reason or stimulus that will prompt him to do otherwise.The separation of genders out of necessity further reinforces this consciousness (Ackers, p.568) as the passive male student becomes more and more absorbed into the thought of these dem arcations which separate him not only from the rest of the male students but also from the female students. As mentioned earlier, subjects that need much physical exertion of force such physical education subjects give more emphasis to the male capacity to perform the related physical tasks in the subject (Blee, p. 165), allowing for a limited participation from amongst female students. On the other hand, in cases where females have higher physical fitness to engage in physically challenging activities, the same may also be true.Moreover, gender preference in choosing teachers also contributes to the role of gender in teacher attention in the classroom. There are certain curriculum subjects wherein female teachers are more preferred over males (Martin and Little, p. 1430) such as subjects with the content of feminist studies, female reproductive system or the anatomy of females, and psychology of women just to name a few. On the other hand, there are also curriculum subjects wherein male teachers are more preferred over females.For instance, male instructors teaching the subject of male psychology may either have more attention towards male students in order to assess the knowledge or learning of these males with respect to the scope of the subject, or have more attention towards female students in order to assess the reactions and the absorbed knowledge of these students learned throughout the course of the subject. Moreover, it may also be the case that female students tend to be more antiphonal in terms of the interaction of female students (Tobach and Carlin, p. 1595) as they are able to relate more with one another in terms of gender.The opposite may also be true of male teachers and male students although there may also be cases wherein the reverse is true. Nevertheless, this only shows that gender plays a difference in teacher attention as well as student access in the classroom setup. Conclusion The school is one of the many social institutions think to broaden the knowledge of students within the classroom and beyond, and gender is one of the numerous factors that share a role in student accessibility and teacher attention. Gender demarcations may arise out of necessity or out of artificial arrangements.But whatever the case may be, gender plays a role in student accessibility and teacher attention within the classroom. References Acker, Joan. From excite Roles to Gendered Institutions. Contemporary Sociology 21. 5 (1992) 565-69. Blee, Kathleen M. statement a Theory-Based Sociology of Gender Course. Teaching Sociology 14. 3 (1986) 162-67. Kane, Emily W. racial and Ethnic Variations in Gender-Related Attitudes. Annual Review of Sociology 26 (2000) 419-39. Kane, Emily W. , and Laura J. Macaulay. Interviewer Gender and Gender Attitudes. The Public Opinion Quarterly 57. 1 (1993) 1-28. Lopata, Helena Z., and Barrie Thorne. On the Term stimulate Roles. Signs 3. 3 (1978) 718-21. Martin, Carol Lynn, and Jane K. Little. The Rela tion of Gender Understanding to Childrens Sex-Typed Preferences and Gender Stereotypes. Child Development 61. 5 (1990) 1427-39. McCallops, James S. Gender as a Teaching Tool An American Example. The History Teacher 31. 3 (1998) 408-09. McIntyre, Connie. Writing About Nontraditional Roles. The English Journal 84. 3 (1995) 80. Pearson, G. A. Of Sex Gender. Science 274. 5286 (1996) 328. Tobach, Ethel, and Norman F. Carlin. Sex and Gender. Science 274. 5293 (1996) 1595-96.

Public Sector

The country was facing problems like inequalities in income and low levels of employment, regional im eases in scotch development and lack of trained manpower. India at that time was predominantly an agrarian economy with a fainthearted industrial base, low level of savings, inadequate enthronements and infrastructure facilities. In view of this type of socio- scotch set up, our ethereal leaders drew up a roadmap for the development of macrocosm Sector as an instrument for autonomous economic growth.This guiding factor take to the passage of industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 and followed by industrial Policy Resolution of 1956. The 1948 Resolution envisaged development of core fields with the ordinary enterprises. Public Sector would chasten the regional imbalances and create employment. Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 set emphasis on the expansion of production, both(prenominal) agricultural and industrial and in particular on the production of capital equipment and goods satisfying the basic ineluctably of the people, and of commodities the export of which would increase earnings of outside fill in. . 1. 3 In early course of studys of independence, capital was scarce and the base of entrepreneurship was also non strong enough.Hence, the 1956 Industrial Policy Resolution gave primacy to the role of the State which was right off responsible for industrial development. Consequently the planning process (5 year Plans) was initiated taking into account the needs of the country. The bran-new strategies for the overt sector were later outlined in the policy statements in the years 1973, 1977, 1980 and 1991. The year 1991 elicit be termed as the watershed year, heralding liberalisation of the Indian economy. 2- 1. 1. 4 The public sector provided the required dig to the economy and developed and nurtured the human resources, the vital ingredient for success of any enterprise public or private. 1. 2 GLOBAL TREND industrial revolution in Europe. With the advent of world(prenominal)ization, the public sector approach new challenges in the developed economies. No longer the public sector had the privilege of operating in a sellers market and had to face competition both from domestic and international competitors.Further, in the second fractional of the 20th century in the developed economies, the political opinion started swinging towards the views that the intervention as wellhead as investment by Government in commercial activities should be reduced to the extent possible. 1. 2. 1 The Public Sector emerged as the driver of economic growth consequent to the 1. 2. 2 Many lofty economists argued that Government must not venture into those areas, where the private sector could undertake job efficiently.Lot of emphasis was laid on market driven economies, rather than State controlled and administered economies. The collapse of socialist economy of the Soviet quit convinced the policy planners, around the valet, t hat role of the State should be that of a facilitator and regulator rather than the producer and manager. It may be worth mentioning that, in various countries, the turn towards liberalism including deregulation and decontrol also led to discontent amongst some sections of population as its benefit did not flow down to the weaker and disadvantaged sections of society. . 2. 3 Today, both Public Sector & Private Sector have become an integral part of the economy. at that place may not be much difference in working of these sectors in advanced countries, plainly in developing countries, the performance of Public Sector has considerable scope for improvement. It is also observed that wages packages are almost similar in both sectors in developed countries, but large differences know in remuneration in the two sectors in developing countries, like ours. -3- 1.3 Economic Scenario and Role of Public Sector in India General perspective 1. . 1 Government of India, as part of its nation al agendum to promote growth, increase in efficiency and international competitiveness, has been continuously framing policies for industrial growth, fiscal, trade and foreign investment to achieve overall socio-economic development of the country. As a result of exceptionally severe balance of payments and fiscal crisis in the year 1991, the government decided to shift to a liberalized economy with greater combine upon market forces, a larger role for the private sector including foreign direct investment. 1. 3. The Government agnise that a strong and growth oriented nation could be built if India grows as part of the world economy and not in isolation. Thus, liberalising and deregulatory steps were initiated from the year 1991 onwards, which aimed at supporting growth and integration with the global economy.Since then, the thrust of New Economic Policy has been on progressive reforms such as reduction in the scope of industrial licensing, reforms in the Monopolies and Restricti ve Trade Practices (MRTP) Act, reduction of areas reserved exclusively for public sector, disinvestment of quity of selected public sector enterprises (PSEs), enhancing limits of foreign equity participation in domestic industrial undertakings, liberalization of trade and exchange rate policies, rationalization and reduction of customs and excise duties and personal and corporate income taxes, promoting FDI, investments from NRIs (Non-Resident Indians), extension of the scope of CENtub, implementing the VAT regime in States, taking steps to switch over to goods & services tax system w. e. f. 01. 04. 010, e-governance and reduction of various procedures, rules and regulations etc. 1. 3. 3 Since the setting up of World Trade Organization (WTO) in the year 1995, as an apex body at the international level, to which India is a signatory, the world trade has definitely crowing thereby giving indications that international trade reforms do play an important role in boosting economic devel opment of various countries. 1. 3. 4 Industrial policy has seen a sea change with most primaeval Government industrial controls being liquidated.The Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) were classified into strategic and non-strategic. Strategic CPSEs were set in -4- the areas of (a) Arms & Ammunition and the allied items of defence equipments, Defence air-crafts and warships (b) Atomic Energy (except in the areas cerebrate to the operation of nuclear power and applications of radiation and radio-isotopes to agriculture, medicine and non-strategic industries) and (c) Railway transport. All other CPSEs were considered as non-strategic.Further, Industrial licensing by the Central Government has been almost abolished except for a few hazardous and environmentally bare-assed industries. 1. 3. 5 The main elements of the present Government policy towards Public Sector enterprises as contained in the home(a) Common Minimum Programme (NCMP) are reproduced below i) To devolve full managerial and commercial autonomy to successful, profit making companies operating in a competitive environment ii) Generally , profit-making companies will not be privatized ii) Every effort will be do to modernize and restructure sick public sector companies and revive sick industry iv) Chronically loss making companies will either be sold off, or closed, after all workers have got their legitimate dues and compensationv) Private industry will be inducted to turn-around companies that have potential for revival vi) Privatization revenues will be used for designated social sector schemes vii) Public sector companies and nationalized banks will be encouraged to enter the capital market to raise resources and offer new investment avenues to retail investors. . 3. 6 The Government has made a clear commitment to empowering the CPSEs and their managements. It was recognised that public enterprises could not compete effectively with private entrepreneurs without freedom to function an d operate -5- commercially. Thus, the concept of Navratna and Mini-Ratna was introduced with greater delegated authority, both pecuniary and managerial. Government has realized that Navratnas, Mini-ratnas and other CPSEs are required to grow and deliver on the promises they have made to their stakeholders.Other reforms have also been announced, such as professionalisation of the Boards of Directors of public sector enterprises and evaluation of performance of CPSEs through Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). 1. 4 Performance Status wide invest of activities in the manufacturing, engineering, steel, heavy apparatusry, machine tools, fertilizers, drugs, textiles, pharmaceuticals, petro-chemicals, extraction and refining of crude oil and services such as telecommunication, trading, tourism, warehousing, etc. and a range of consultancy services.

Freedom Of Press

emancipation of Press emancipation of the consider or exemption of the media is the independence of communication and ex getion through mediums including various electronic media and published materials. era such independence mostly implies the absence of interference from an all overreaching state, its preservation may be want through constitutional or separate legal protections.With respect to governmental reading, any government may distinguish which materials are semi everyday or protected from disclosure to the public based on sorting of information as sensitive, classified or secret and being therwise protected from disclosure due to relevance of the information to protecting the national interest. Many governments are also put forward to sunshine laws or large-mindeddom of information legislation which are both used to define the extent of national interest.The Universal settlement of Human Rights declares Everyone has the in force(p) to license of opinion and ex squashion this counterbalance includes license to hold opinions without interference, and impart information and ideas through any media regardless of frontiers This philosophy is usu all(prenominal)y accompanied by legislation ensuring various marks of unloosendom of scientific research (known s scientific freedom), publishing, raise and printing the depth to which these laws are entrenched in a countrys legal system tolerate go as far down as its constitution.The impression of freedom of speech is often covered by the same laws as freedom of the press, thereby well-favoured equal treatment to spoken and published expression. Beyond legal definitions, several non-governmental organizations use early(a) criteria to settle the level of press freedom around the world. Some of those organizations include the following Reporters Without Borders The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) Freedom House Many of the traditional means of delivering information are being slow ly superseded by the increase pace of modern font technological advance.Almost every conventional mode of media and information dissemination has a modern counterpart that offers significant potential advantages to Journalists seeking to maintain and enhance their freedom of speech. A few childlike examples of such Satellite television Web-based publishing (e. g. , blogging) Voice over Internet protocol (VOIP) Every year, Reporters Without Borders establishes a ranking of countries in terms of their freedom of the press.The Freedom of the Press index, an annual survey of edia independence in 197 countries and territories, is based on responses to surveys sent to Journalists that are members of partner organizations of the RWB, as well as related specialists such as researchers, Jurists and human rights activists. The survey asks questions about direct attacks on Journalists and the media as well as other indirect sources of pressure against the free press, such as non-governmenta l groups.The annual index contains the most comprehensive entropy set available on global media treedom and is a key resource tor scholars, policymakers, international institutions, media, and activists. The index assesses the degree of print, broadcast, and internet freedom in every country in the world, analyzing the events of each calendar year. It provides numerical rankings and rate each countrys media as Free, Partly Free, or Not Free. Country narratives examine the legal environment for the media, political pressures that influence reporting, and economic factors that affect access to information As of 2013, the United States is ranked 32nd in the Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index. There was a fall from 20th in 2010 to 42nd in 2012, which was attributed to arrests of Journalists covert the Occupy movement. In 2011-2012, the countries where press was the most free were Finland, Norway and Germany, followed by Estonia, Netherlands, Austria, Iceland, and Luxembourg .The country with the least degree of press freedom was Eritrea, followed by North Korea, Turkmenistan, Syria, Iran, and China. Freedom of the press in the United States is protected by the offset printing Amendment to the United States Constitution. The graduation exercise Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, says that Congress shall make no law. abridging (limiting) the freedom of speech, or of the press Freedom of speech is the liberty to speak openly without fear of government restraint.It is closely linked to freedom of the press because this freedom includes both the right to speak and the right to be heard. In the United States, both the freedom of speech and freedom of press are comm only(prenominal) called freedom of expression. This clause is slackly understood as prohibiting the government from interfering with the printing and distribution of information or opinions, although freedom of the press, like freedom of speech, is subject to some restrictions, such as defam ation law and copyright law. The Constitutions framers provided the press with broad freedom.This freedom was considered infallible to the establishment of a strong, independent press sometimes called the fourth branch of the government. An independent press can provide citizens with a variety of information and opinions on results of public importance. However, freedom of press sometimes collides with other rights, such as a defendants right to a fair trial or a citizens right to privacy. In recent years, there has been increasing concern about extremely aggressive journalism, including stories about peoples informal lives and photographs of people when they were in a clubby setting.The framers conception of freedom of the press has been the subject of intense historic debate, both among scholars and in the pages of Judicial opinions. At the very least, those who drafted and ratified the Bill of Rights purported to embrace the notion, derived from William Blackstone, that a fr ee press may not be licensed by the sovereign, or otherwise restrained in advance of publication. And, although the subject remains a lively topic of academic debate, the Supreme Court itself reviewed the historical record in 1964 in New York Times Co. . Sullivan and cogitate that the central meaning of the maiden Amendment embraces s well a rejection of the law of seditious libel i. e. , the power of the sovereign to impose subsequent punishments, from handcuffs to criminal fines to civil reparation, on those who criticize the state and its officials. To a great extent, however, what we mean by freedom of the press today was shaped in an extraordinary era of Supreme Court decision-making that began with Sullivan and concluded in 1991 witn Conen v. Cowles Media Co.During that remarkable period, the Court ruled least 40 cases involving the press and fleshed out the skeleton of freedoms addressed only rarely in prior cases. In contrast, although the Court in the early part of the last carbon had considered the First Amendment cl engages of political dissidents with some frequency, it took nearly 150 years after the adoption of the Bill of Rights, and the First Amendment along with it, for the Court to issue its first decision based squarely on the freedom of the press.Over the melodic line of the quarter-century following Sullivan, the Court made it its business to explore the ramifications of the case on a virtually annual basis. During that period, the Supreme Courts elaboration of what we mean by a free press focused on the disposition of the official restraint lleged to compromise that freedom as well as the extent to which the First Amendment protects the press from a given species of governmental action or inaction. Thus, in cases such as Near and the Pentagon document case (1971 s New York Times Co. . United States), the Court established that freedom of the press from precedent restraints on publication is nearly absolute, encompassing the right to publish information that a president concluded would harm the national security, if not the movements of troopships at sea in time of war. In 1974s Miami Herald produce Co. v. Tornillo, the Court embraced the analogous proposition that the overnment has virtually no power to compel the press to publish that which it would elect to leave on the proverbial cutting room floor.In that regard, however, it must be noted that not all media are created equal when it comes to entitlement to the full protections of the First Amendments press clause. or so significantly, because of a perceived scarcity of the electromagnetic spectrum, the Court has held that Congress and the Federal Communications Commission may regulate the activities of broadcasters operating over public airwaves in a manner that would surely violate the First Amendment if applied to newspapers.Compare Red Lion publicize v. FCC (1969) with Tornillo. ) The Courts reasoning in Red Lion, in which it upheld the Commissio ns Fairness Doctrine and personal attack rule i. e. , the right of a person criticized on a broadcast station to respond to such criticism over the same airwaves licensed to that station has never been disavowed, although the Justices have expressly declined to extend it to other, later-developed communications media, including cable television (1994s Turner Broadcasting v.FCC) and the Internet (1997s Reno v. ACLU), to which the scarcity rationale for regulation is plainly napplicable. Sullivan and cases that followed also hold that the First Amendment protects the publication of false information about matters of public concern in a variety of contexts, although with substantially less vigor than it does dissemination of the truth.Even so, public officials and public fgures may not recover civil damages for injury to their reputations unless they were the victims of a reckless disregard for truth in the dissemination of a calculated falsehood. Indeed, private persons may not colle ct civil damages for reputational harm caused by falsehoods relating to a matter f public concern unless the publishers conduct violates a fault-based standard of care. And although expressions of opinion are not always tolerant from legal sanction, in its 1990 decision in Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co. the Court held that statements not capable of being be false, or which reasonable people would not construe as statements of fact at all, but instead as mere rhetorical hyperbole, are absolutely protected by the First Amendment. Indeed e ou nas rejected arguments advanced by the institutional press that, because of its structural role in nsuring the free spring of information in a democratic society, it ought to enjoy unique protections from otherwise generally applicable laws that repress its ability to gather and report the news.Thus, in 1991 in Cohen v. Cowles Media Co. , the Court effectively concluded the treatise on the freedom of the press it began in Sullivan it did so when it emphasized that the press is properly subject to liability under the generally applicable law of contracts when it breaks a promise to keep a sources identity confidential, even when it does so in order to report truthful information about the ources involvement in a matter of public concern.In the decade following Cohen, the Court again fell largely silent when it came to the First Amendments application to the institutional press. As the 21st century dawned, however, the Court interrupted that silence, at least briefly, to revisit the extent to which a generally applicable law such as the federal wiretap statute can constitutionally impose criminal penalties and civil liability on the dissemination by the press of the contents of unlawfully recorded telephone conversations, at least when the information so disseminated is the truth about a matter of public concern.While it is undeniable fact that freedom of press is essential ingredient of democracy, it does not mean it r esult advance the goals of democracy. A free press plays a key role in sustaining and monitoring a healthy democracy, as well as in contributing to greater accountability, good government, and economic development. Most importantly, restrictions on media are often an early indicator that governments intend to assault other democratic institutions. fit to the Freedom of the Press index, only 14. 5 percent of the worlds citizens live in countries that enjoy a free press.In the rest of the world, governments as well as non-state actors control the viewpoints that reach citizens and brutally repress independent voices who aim to promote accountability, good governance, and economic development.

Revenge Tragedy: Hamlet Essay

For a play to be considered a visit tragedy, penalise has to be a prevalent theme throughout. Revenge needs to be intertwined in char act aser interactions, and take a strong hold on the driving force of the patch. The desires of village, Laertes, and young Fortinbras each exhibit how the plot of Hamlet, by William Shakespeare revolves entirely around theories of revenge. The theme of revenge starts off very(prenominal) early in the play, when Hamlet speaks with the ghost of his deceased father. When the ghost tells Hamlet how Claudius murdered him, Hamlet is infuriated and overtaken with feelings of responsibility to right the prostitute that has been done to murder Claudius. The effects of this experience on Hamlet are portrayed clearly in the following quote, And so I am revenged. That would be scanned A villain kills my father, and for that, I, his sole son, d this similar villain send to heaven (p. 161, 3.4). This quote clearly exemplifies Hamlets feeling toward this eve nt. Being his fathers only son, he feels entirely responsible for his fathers vengeance.Revenge has caused the downf both of many a person. Its consuming nature causes one to act recklessly through anger rather than reason. Revenge is an sense well rationalized one turn deserves another. However, this is a very dangerous theory to live by. Throughout Hamlet, revenge is a dominant theme. Fortinbras, Laertes, and Hamlet all attempt to avenge the deaths of their fathers. But in so doing, all three rely more on emotion than thought, and take a very big gamble, a gamble which eventually leads to the downfall and death of all but one of them. King Fortinbras was slain by King Hamlet in a make battle. This entitled King Hamlet to the land that was possessed by Fortinbras because it was written in a sealskind compact. our valiant Hamlet-for so this side of our known world esteemd him-did slay this Fortinbras. infantile Fortinbras was enraged by his fathers murder and sought revenge ag ainst Denmark. He wanted to rectify the land that had been lost to Denmark when his father wasNow sir, young Fortinbrasas it doth well appear unto our state-. to exact revenge for his fathers death. Revenge can be an invaluable tool to amass success and wealth, or it can be a fatal flaw that guarantees immanent death. It is a dangerous emotion, which can easily consume, however it can be used to great satisfaction. Perhaps it is these qualities that lead us to allow ourselves to act on its impulses. The lessons learned by both Hamlet and Laertes are something that should be remembered. Revenge is not to be taken lightly. When acted on this is one emotion that can definitely come back to haunt you.

Promotional Process for the Fire Department Essay

Promotion process is an activity that is conducted in a minded(p) frequency in order that individuals in the invoke incision exit qualify for promotional material and throw overboard taking of the trying for these individuals. Most of the cauterise departments accept that before an individual is promoted in the rank do an trial run. Most of the professional fires fighting departments require professional qualifications like a bachelors degree.In order to qualify for a promotional process in the fire department, one may require to have been employed in a good length of time, training and certification to the subjects associate to the fire fighting, and educational urgencys. Such eligibility is communicated for example prior to the date of the beginning of the promotion process. Usually, the evaluation procedures will too be published and the pass waters communicated.The compose enquiry and subjective evaluation be serve uped for a token rank the promotion process involves administration of the inquiry and the evaluation, and posting of the scores and determination and posting of the higher status and ascertained merit scores. The passing score is the aggregate score for all the components tested or examined. The score may be announced prior to the date of promotion. The law may stipulate that the components of the scripted exam reflect the issues related to the duties to be behaveed in the rank expected for that examination.The appointing authority may appoint instruments to administer the examinations, and will test a written exam based on the material which they identify and snitch available to the potential examinees at least 90 days before administration of the examination. Grading of this written exam is done at the examination site on then examination day later on completion of the test in front of defecate afterrs. If done offsite by an agent, the observers will be expected to observe sealing and shipping and the lighting lat ter upon return from the agency.T6ehre be bases for awarding ascertained merits based on education and training, certification which may be published earlier on. Subjective evaluation may include an oral interview, tactical evaluation, performance evaluation, or other components based on the subjective evaluation of the person. Applicants will be notified of the component prior to application of it. The examinee may be assessed to determine their leadership, communication, interpersonal, incident influence and judgment. Significance of Problem This paper will seek to discuss issues related to and answer the following questions related to the issues in the fire departments. Why is the test generated from an outside party with no fire dept. ties? If the department are fare enough should the agencies s cashbox be used and the necessity of it. Why is the cut-off grade not given(p) until the test is completed? Why is the passing cut-off grade lower than normal academic requirements? Is the test politically based or is it set for all to succeed? Studying these issues would help one to know the personal effects of the tests and their impact. Research on these and related issues would reveal irregularities existing, and look for ways to mend the holes. Source ReviewTests for promotion in the fire department involve written and evaluation test. In a writing test for uniform fire department personnel, bonus points are assigned so that a third of the aggroup will receive a minimum of 75%. Except for the position of a fire victor where three quarter of the participants is allowed to achieve this. A passing score for the coterminous evaluation is a 75% mark. A second written test would be conducted if only one or none passes since the requirement for further evaluation except for the only one that passes alone who has the chance to choose when to take the next evaluation.He may also stand with the previous mark or sit for another one. some(prenominal) of the thin gs that may be tested in an evaluation are cooperation, initiative, personal effectiveness, attitude towards others, use and military commission of authority, organization and planning, persuasive ability, training and utilization of the subordinates, integrity and loyalty on the part of the leadership ability. They may also require knowing the health and physical fitness of an individual which may entail testing of frequency of accidents while at job, physical condition of the individual, sick leave activity, attendance and ability to perform all duties physically.According to Spielman (1996), firefighters were proposed to wait a minimum of five years before qualifying to take promotion examinations, and proposal by the Union Local 2 added that the length of service and education points be awarded in a weighted process which also factors in test scores and in-person interviews. The committee which recommended changes to the gelt fire department and handed the report to the then , Mayor Darly, called for oral portions in exams to consist a great percentage of testing knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to do the job . Irregularities in the testsThe fire fighting departments has not been without complains. rip off in the promotional examinations has been reported in the fire service for example in Boston, MA where stall phones were used by FFs to text answers to their friends in Baltimore, MD where top scorers had questions from 2001 examinations that were reused and in Chicago, Illinois where FFs cheated on EMT training examination (Bellenger, & Dean). Thus their administration should be carefully checked to make sure that such incidences do not occur. Exams for promotion have also been dogged with issues of discrimination of people with their races.For example, in the 1990 exam, out of the 117 who qualified for promotion, thither were only 17 black. In a memo to city officials in the 2000, the Madison Fire fighting Department was accused of being discriminatory and unfair by the citys affirmative director, Kirbie Mack. The department, correspond to The great Times (Shepard, 2000) had promoted no person of color since 1996, out of a total of 47 people. The fire Chief Amesqua had argued that the reasons people of color had not been promoted to lieutenant position was because a few had apply and that seniority had pop outd them low on the list for selection.Data however had indicated that such low applications were real and in the then three recent promotional cycles, 14 people of color out of 150 had applied and three had failed to show up for the written exams while five failed it. Only six made it to the closing position out of the 100. He latter in January 12, 2001 (Judith, 2001) denied this allegation that his department was discriminatory and unfair, and presented figures to show that the innovation in the department mirrored the larger community the people of color made 9 % of Dane Countys population and 16 % of em ployees in the fire department.In the Chicago Fire Department , only less(prenominal) than 5% of the department in 1970s composed of the blacks and the Hispanics and the Justice Department sued the city the case which was colonized by the court orders requiring hiring and promotion of more minorities in the department. The city is express to have responded by stop to hire for years (Judson Miner-an attorney representing the black fire fighters and the citys corporation counsel in 1980s). There was a strike that followed and a contract to affirmative action was settled on till 45% were employees in the department.In 2004, according to out of the total of the uniformed department, about 31% stand for the minorities. There are whites who have raised issues as being passed over in upgrade of the minority groups and view it as unfair. Wherever the truth lies, firefighters feel the heat when they go out and do their jobs. Causes and simplification of irregularities Irregularities m ay occur as a result of delayed time which could allow manipulation of the results to favor some candidates. The cut off grade is delayed so that there will be regularisation of the number qualifying.If everybody was to qualify, then there would be a problem in choosing the person to occupy the position. Usually, the examination should be set free of political influence. There have been claims of bias towards some of the races who have been said to be discriminated against. Reduction of irregularities can be achieved by a careful selection of an unbiased agent to administer the test. The process should be as open as possible to avoid bias and arising of complains. If the tests are not conducted in an open way it is difficult to avoid problems and claims. Conclusion/RecommendationsThere are laws as discussed regarding promotion process in the fire department. Requirements include academic qualifications, work experience and personal abilities to do the job. All these can be proved w hen one passes examinations that are administered for promotion in the field. These include the written and evaluation tests. Cases that are received of allegations should be addressed a proper means sought to rivet such occurrences. There are issues that have been raised in the past concerning issues of promotion that needs to be addressed and a long lasting solution sought.Promotion process itself ought to be a fair, open and a clean process. The problem underlying could be as a result of the process itself the delays and issues to do with the agents. The fire department must ensure that current stringent measures are put in place to allow only agents who qualify to standards administer the examinations so as to minimize cases of complains. Since affirmative actions have raised issues, they should be scrutinized and offered at an open way where everybody will understand and know. The process should be kept as open as possible.Reference Baker Bill. Policy 12-1 Promotion system for uniform fire department personnel. 1 March 2000. Fire Department. Retrieved from http//www. cityof. lawton. ok. us/CityCode/Administrative_Policies/Section_12/1. html on 9 October 2008. Bellenger, B. L. and Dean C. R. Cheating on promotional public safety examinations Strategies for responding to a widespread test scrutiny compromise. Personnel Board of Jefferson County. PDF. Retrieved from www. ipmaac.org/conf/08/bellenger. pdf on 9 October 2008. Fire promotion assessment package. Fire & Police Selection Inc (FPSI). Retrieved from http//www. fpsi. com/fire_promotional. html on 9 October 2008. Jason Shepard. Bias Alleged in fire promotions. (Front). The Capital Times (Madison, WI). November 11, 2001. Judith Davidoff. Amesqua No bias in promotions. (Local/State). The Capital Times (Madison, WI). January 12, 2001. Spielman Fran. Panel offers Fire Dept. promotion proposals. September 13, 1996. Chicago Times.